202 ENEMIES OF THE APPLE, PEAR, AND QUINCE 



Frog-eye is a fungous growth forming round spots on the leaves 

 (Fig. 127). It also attacks the twigs and fruit of pears and apples. 

 The sprayings recommended for scab disease will usually control 

 frog-eye. 



Curculio on Core Fruits. — A species of curculio closely resem- 

 bling the one which attacks peaches, plums, and cherries, is an 



Pxa. 128. — Apples deformed and stunted by attacks of curculio beetles. 



enemy of the apple and other core fruits. Figure 128 shows the 

 bad effects of this insect. The wounds in the young fruits made 

 by the insect in biting the skin, cause a deformity. This may 

 make much of the fruit unfit for market. 



EXERCISES 



1. Losses from Orchard Enemies. — Ascertain to what extent the San 

 Jose 1 scale insect is injurious in your neighborhood. The same information 

 should be learned regarding the other insects and diseases of orchards. Calcu- 

 late the total loss due to these enemies. 



2. Collect specimens of insects and specimens of fruit, twigs, etc., showing 

 the damage done by various diseases and insects. Among these try to secure 

 both apple rust and cedar apples. Keep these at school for future reference. 



3. Practice combating enemies by all the methods suggested for each. 

 Determine which are the best remedies. 



QUESTIONS 



1. How can you prevent damage by codling moth? 



2. How can you combat apple tree borers? 



3. What remedies are used for canker worm? For tent caterpillars? 



4. For what troubles in the orchard are poisons used with lime-sulfur . 



5. Give remedies recommended for twig blight? 



6. Describe the disease called frog-eye? 



7. Describe the effects of curculio attacks on apples? 



References. — U. S. Farmers' Bulletins: 662, Apple Tree Tent Caterpillar; 

 675, Round-headed Apple Tree Borer; 938, Apple Bitter-Rot and Its Control; 

 1056, Fungous and Insect Enemies of Pear; 1065, Flat-headed Apple Tree 

 Borer; 1120, Apple Powdery Mildew Control; 1128, Aphid Control; 1160, 

 Diseases of Apples in Storage. 



