242 GRAPES 



been developed. These may be grouped into three classes accord- 

 ing to their color: black, red and white (green). In the following 

 list these are arranged by seasons of ripening: 



Early Black. — Champion, Early Daisy. 

 Early Red. — Delaware, Lutie, Wyoming Red. 

 Early White. — Diamond, Empire State, Winchell. 

 Medium Season Black. — Campbell, Eumelan, Herbert, Ives, Worden. 

 Medium Season Bed. — Agawam, Brighton, Iowa, Jefferson, Lindley, 

 Salem. 



Medium Season White. — Duchess, Niagara. 

 Late Black. — Norton, Wilder. 

 Late Red. — Catawba, Goethe, Woodruff. 

 Late White. — Noah, Triumph. 



The Cornell Station gives the following list of the ten most impor- 

 tant commercial varieties of grapes in order of importance: Con- 

 cord, Delaware, Catawba, Niagara, Worden, Moore, Winchell, 

 Campbell, Brighton, Diamond. 



That Station also recommends the following list of varieties to 

 use in home gardens: 



Barry (black) Diamond (green) Kensington (green) 



Catawba (red) Downing (black) Pocklington (green) 



Colerain (green) Dutchess (green) Salem (red) 



Concord (black) Empire (green) Winchell (green) 



Cottage (black) Herbert (black) Worden (black) 



Delaware (red) Iona (red) 



Starting the Vineyard. — Grapes are chiefly propagated in 

 America by ripe wood cuttings made late in the fall or winter. 

 These are stored in wet sand or sawdust in a cool cellar and planted 

 in the ground about the middle of the spring season. 



After the cuttings are one year old, they may be transplanted to 

 the permanent vineyard. Nurserymen supply one-year-old vines 

 for growers in all parts of the country. 



The northern and southern bunch grapes are usually planted in 

 rows about eight to ten feet apart and the vines are about eight 

 feet apart in the rows. Muscadine grapes are given about two 

 feet more space each way. The vineyard is usually planted in the 

 spring but fall planting is also successful. 



Trellising.— Some systematic plan of starting the vines should be 

 adopted. A number of plans are in use. Several of these have 

 been given definite names. The high-renewal system is shown in 

 figures 167 and 168. The four-cane Kniffin system is shown in 

 figure 169. The Munsen system is shown in figures 170 and 171. 



