questions 251 



the grapes are nearly full size, spraying withBordeaux is not advised. 

 It is difficult to remove from the fruit and some other material 

 should be used which will wash off easily. There are three 

 materials which may be substituted. Ammoniacal carbonate of 

 copper is made from strong ammonia and carbonate of copper 

 mixed with water. A harmless fungicide is livers of sulphur. 

 Potassium permanganate is good on grapes and roses. See 

 formulas Chapter XXV, 



The vineyard may be permanent if it is properly cared for. The 

 vines are often known to reach the age of a century or more. In 

 some soils, however, the life of the vines is much less. Frequently 

 root-borers will affect the vines before the owner realizes their 

 presence. Systematic spraying, annual cultivation, and close 

 pruning will aid materially in making the vines permanent. 



GRAPE PROJECTS, EXERCISES, AND SURVEYS 



1. Care and management of the vineyard for a year or two should be made 

 a home or school project. It should include pruning, spraying, tying, cultiva- 

 tion, fertilizing, bagging of fruit, harvesting, putting up products, and mar- 

 keting. 



2. Setting, trellising, and care of young vines may be a project for the 

 first year of the vineyard. 



3. Separate exercises may be made of each of the vineyard operations. 

 These will give good practice to each student. 



4. A questionaire may be made to determine the number of vines and 

 amount of grapes grown by each family of the community. Ascertain best 

 varieties of each color, order of ripening, worst enemies, remedies used, systems 

 of pruning and of trellising. Ask for the amount and method of cultivation and 

 of fertilizing in each case. The answers should be compared and the results 

 tabulated under several heads. 



QUESTIONS 



1. From your own observation describe some good locations for the growing 



of grapes. 



2. What varieties of grapes are most popular in your section? 



3. Describe these. 



4. What are the peculiarities and special uses of muscadine grapes? 



5. Discuss the propagation of grapes. 



6. Describe some good methods of trellising. 



7. Give directions for the annual pruning of grapes. 



8. What cultivation and fertilizing are required for grapes? 



9. Give suggestions regarding the harvesting of grapes. 



10. Mention the worst insect enemies and give remedies for each. 



11. What diseases of grapes are found in yourregion? How are they controlled? 

 References. — U. S. Farmers' Bulletins: 181, Pruning; 758, Muscadine 



Grape Sirup; 859, Home Preservation of Muscadine Grapes; 1075, How to 

 Make Unfermented Grape Juice; 1128 Aphid Control; 1220,Insect and Fungous 

 Enemies of the Grape. 



