306 



PRINCIPLES OF SPRAYING 



Ammoniacal Carbonate of Copper. — This is prepared by weigh- 

 ing out three ounces of copper carbonate. Make a thick paste 

 with water in a wooden vessel. Measure five pints of full strength 

 ammonia which tests 26 degrees on the Baume' scale. Dilute the 

 ammonia by adding three times as much water. Then add this 

 diluted ammonia to the paste mentioned. This will turn to a deep 

 purple color. Then add enough water to make fifty gallons. It 



should be applied to the plants 

 while it is fresh. It does not 

 discolor the fruits and will re- 

 main on until washed off by 

 rains. It is used chiefly on 

 fruits that are nearly mature. 

 It is also used on roses and 

 other ornamental plants. 



Copper Sulfate. — This mate- 

 rial, when dissolved in water, 

 as described in making one of 

 the stock solutions for Bor- 

 deaux mixture, is a splendid 

 fungicide to be used when 

 plants are in the dormant con- 

 dition. It will destroy many 

 spores, and thus prevent much 

 of the growth of the disease 

 when spring arrives. 



Dissolve one pound of the 

 blue crystals of copper sulfate 

 in about twenty-five gallons 

 of water. This is particularly 

 valuable in peach orchards to 

 prevent peach leaf curl. It 

 would be used in orchards which had been affected by this dis- 

 ease the preceding year. Use before buds swell in spring. 



Livers of Sulfur. — Chemical name potassium sulfide. Dissolve 

 three ounces of the powder in ten gallons of water. Stir well 

 before using. It is a specific against mildew on plants in 

 green houses. Out of doors it is often used on roses and other 

 ornamentals. 



Potassium permanganate is used experimentally ' for these, one 

 ounce to ten gallons of water. Rain washes both off quickly and to 

 make them effective the spraying should be done on a clear day. 



Fig. 214. — An elevated platform for mixing 

 Bordeaux and other spray materials. Two bar- 

 rels may be used for stock solutions and others 

 for the dilute mixture. The extension trough 

 aids in filling the spray tank which is hauled 

 near the platform. (Indiana Station.) 



