EXERCISES, PROJECTS, AND SURVEYS 



327 



Always make the spraying very thorough. Do not allow any 

 part of the plant to be missed (Fig. 230). Insects feeding upon 

 the parts not sprayed may afterward spread to other parts of the 

 orchard or garden. 



Never spray unless you know for what you are spraying. Use 

 the material required for the purpose in hand. 



Never drench the plants unduly. Damage is likely to result 

 and material is wasted. 



The cost of spraying is largely governed by the labor involved. 

 If the spraying apparatus is handy, and the work is begun 

 promptly, the benefits will usually far repay the cost of labor and 

 material (Fig. 231) 





Fig. 231. — Spraying the apple orcnard pays. Upper lot from tree sprayed three timea; 

 fruit mostly No. 1, at left, few culls at right. Lower lot from tree not sprayed, fruit mostly 

 culls at right. (Illinois Station.) 



Avoid making the spraying irksome. Protect your hands and 

 face with suitable materials to avoid injury to the skin. By 

 rubbing a little vaseline on the hands and face before spraying 

 with Bordeaux mixture the material is easily washed off. 



Poison sprays should be handled cautiously and not be left 

 where children or dumb animals will be injured. 



EXERCISES, PROJECTS, AND SURVEYS 



1. Making Fungicides. — Prepare the stock solutions for Bordeaux mix- 

 ture in quantities to suit your vessels. Make up some of the mixture and use 

 it in the garden or orchard. 



2. Make concentrated lime-sulfur solution. Then dilute it and use it in 

 the orchard. 



3. Make a solution of ammoniacal carbonate of copper, and livers of sul- 

 fur. Use each in suitable places. 



4. Poisons. — Make up spray mixtures of arsenate of lead, of Paris green, 

 of white arsenic, of London purple, of arsenite of zinc. Practice using each of 

 these against chewing insects. 



