43. VAlEEIAIfACEiE. 171 



. montanum ; \. linear-lanceolate, pan. with short asoeriding 

 branches and few-flowered cymes. O. montanmn and O. syl- 

 vestre Baker. — /3i nitidalum ; 1. linear, pan. with somewhat 

 spreading branches and compact cjmes. G. commutatum 

 Baker.— LLmestone hiUs, rare. P. VI. VII. E. S. I. 



**' Stem rough tvith dowrmiard pncJdes. 



12. G. idiffitidsum (L.) ; I, 6 — 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 

 bristle-pointed with margins rough like t/ie angles of the stem uiith 

 backward prickles, panicles small axillary few-flowered trichoto- 

 mous the branches patent 3-fid, fniitstalks divaricate straight, 

 fruit granular. — Stems slender, brittle, about a foot high, weak. 

 Ifi. usually 6 in a whorl, discoloured at the tip, shorwy acumi- 

 nate. Ft. dark brown.— "S^^t places. P. Vll. VHI. E. S. 



. 13. G. palus'tre (L.) ; /. 4 iri a ipihorl hropMy linear broader 

 upwards blunt, midrib shrider, panicle diffuse, /r.-s*. straight 

 spreading at right angles, fr. smooth. — St. 1 — 2 feet high, slen- 

 der, usually branched. El. small, white. St. and branches nearly 

 smooth. L. narrow, lowest usually in sixes, upper in fours of 

 which 2 are smaller. — On dry ground the 1. ai-e broader, those 

 of the barren shoots often obovate : then known by its blnnt 1. 

 aud downward prickly stems. — G. Witheringii (Sm.) differs onh" 

 by having rough edges to the leaves.— A very strong form, much 

 larger in all respects, is the G. ekmgatum (Presl) M. B. 1857. — 

 Wet places by ditches and rivers. P. VI. VII. E. S. I. 



4. Ett'bta Linn. Madder. 



1. It.peregrina (L.) ; L 4 — 6 in a whorl elliptic or lanceolate 

 shining smooth above without veins the mai'gin and keel rough 

 with reflexed bristles. — Old st. terete ; shoots spreading, square. 

 L. rigid, persistent. Cor. rotate, 6-cleft ; lobes oval,, suddenly 

 narrowed into a slender point. — Stony and sandy thickets in tie 

 South. P. VI— vin. E. I. 



Order XLin. VALEEIANACE.E. 



•Cal. superior ;limb various, toothed, orincorispicuous, orinvolute 

 and ultimately resembling a pappus. Cor. tubular, 3— 5-lobed, 

 unequal or irregular often spurred or gibbous at the base. Stam. 

 1^:3, inserted in the tube, free, fewer than the cor. -lobes. Ovary 

 with 1 perfect cell and often 2 abortive cells ; ovule solitary, 

 pendulous. Er. dry. 



1. CENTEANTHrs. Cor. 5-lobed, with a spiir. Stam. 1. Ft. 

 1-celled, indehiscent, crowned with the limb of the calyx 

 expanded into a feathery pappus. 



l2 



