45. cojiPosiTJs. 175 



sometimes pinnately lobed. Fl. pm-ple, in large convex long- 

 stalked heads ; outer usually unequal and radiant. Inv. blimtish. 

 —Sometimes tlie 1. are all simple narrowly lanceolate entire ,or 

 superficially crenate. — ^Fidds. P. VII.— IX. Field Scabious. 



. , j;. s. I. 



3. ScABio'sA £?»i»i. Scabious. '" 



1. 8. succisa (Ij.)| root abrupt, heads of fl. and fr. nearly 

 globose, involucel hairy i-fid lierbaceous, cor. 4-cleft, 1. oblong 

 entire, upper 1. 'narrower niostly entire. — Succisa pratemis 

 Moench. — St. 1 — 8 feet high; rarely branched. Radical 1. 

 many, stem-1.' Usually few. Fl. all alike, purplish blue, rarely 

 white. St. and both sides of the 1. hairy or glabrous. — Mea- 

 dows and pastures, P. VII.. — X. DexriVs hit. . E. S. I. 



2. 8. columbaria (L.) ; heads of fr. globose, involtipel membra- 

 nous plaited notched, cor. ,5-cleft radiant, radical L oblong stalked 

 crenate entire or lyratej uppermost 1. pinnatifid with linear seg- 

 ments. — St. 12 — 18 in. high; Radicai 1.. blunt, or, rarely, lanceo- 

 late and acute, pn long stalks ; uppier 1. rairely entire, linear.' Fl. 

 purplish. — On a calcareous soil P. VII. VIII. • E. S. 



■ Order XLV. COHPOSITJE. :: 



Fl. surrounded by an involucre formed of scales (phylteries), 

 coUected together in a head looking like a single flower, fial. 

 superior ; limb inconspicuous or forming a toothed b^stly or 

 feathery pappus. Cor. tubular or ligulate. Stam. , 5, in?prted 

 in the tube ; anthers united jnto a tube surrounding the. style. 

 Fr. indehiscent, dry, with an erect seed without albumen. 



The following, arrangement of the genera is nearly that of 

 Jussieu. It is inore simple than that of DeCandoUe, which is 

 followed in the arrangement of the species ; but in cases of dif- 

 ficulty they may both be used with advantage. 



Suborder I. CORYMBIFER^. 



Flowers of tie disTi tubular and perfect; marginal flowers 

 often ligulate and fenlale or neuter. ■ Style not swollen below 

 its branches. , 



A. Paj>pm more or less hairlike. 



* Anthers without bristles at their base. , , , . 



(1.) 1. EuPATOaiUii. Heads few-flowered. JPhyU. irhbri- 

 cate, obldiig. Receptacle naked. ■ Fl. all tubidar-&mne\- 



