45. ooMPosiTJs. 179 



6. Ailtheis without bristles at -their base. '■ '. 



* Pappm in many rows of different Un§ths ; inner r<no longest, 

 . .;,' , longerthan the fruit. [,, 



28. Serbatula. Heads dicBcious by abortion. Phyll. sharp, 

 unarmedy,'! Scales of the receptacle split longitudinally into 

 linear bnstlep. Fr., compressed, not beaked j bas^l , scar 

 oblique.' Pappus persistent. " ' i •■ '!■''' > - ;• ■■ 



** Pappus in many rMbs, unequal ; second row longest, equal to 

 or shorter thanthe frui{ ; rarely hone. 



39.. Centaubea. Anthers with papil'los.e filaments. Recep- 

 tacle chafiy. Fr. attached laterally above the base to the 

 receptacle.',, iPiappus hairlike, rarely .Or ,, i ,, -:. ,', 



' *** Pappus ill many rpws„equal, long, , , ,,r 



,30. Onopobdum. Receptacle honeycombed. ' Fr. 4-rJbbed. 

 '' Pappus rdugh. Otherwise lite Card«?<s.' ' '' '''■' 



31. Cabduus. Phyll. simple, spinous, pointed. Receptacle 

 ' '' ■' with fi'libriate feales. Fr. Compressed, oWotig./ -Pappus 



long, hairlike or feathery, 'united into a ring at the base and 

 diciduoiis. — Includes Cnicus Limi. and Cirsium DC. ' ^ 



**** Pappus in inany rows. KMments inonadplp}i(n(s. 



32. SiLXBTJM. , PhyU. leaflike ; at the base, nairow'ed. into 

 a long, spreading! spinous point. Receptacle scaiy. Fr. 



.corapressed, its terminal scar surrou/tded by a papillose ring. 

 Pappus hair- or scale-like, united.iiito a ring at the base, 

 . deciduous. , ^ 



Suborder ni. ,CI0HORIAGE.<aE or JJIGULIFLOR^zE. 

 Flowers all ligulate aiid perfect. 



m' * Pappus 0. Meceptcfck withozd Scale^. , 



33; LapSana, Heads 8— 12-flowered. Phyll. in 1 row, 

 erect, -'tvith 4 — 5 short bracts at theit base. Fr. com- 

 pressed, striate; deciduous, Hot' enveloped in the phyBaries. 



' ■ ■ ^\, - ^^ 



'* Pappus like a crou>n,^ or of many emrje broad scales: . Secep- 

 tacle without scales. 



34, Abnosjpbis. Heads, niany-flowered.-i P^jll' in 1 '■°'w> 

 about 12, keeled, linear -lan,ceolate,, at Thigth, converging, a 

 few sBiali, bracts, a<;^tlieir base. ,Fr. aiigular,'crowned,,with 

 a short.eleyffted entire margin. . ,, 



