198 ■ 45. coMPOsrriE. 



pliy 11. -appendages erect-lariceolate or ovate-lanceolate usually 

 not wholly covering the phyll. their ; teeth short. St. usually 

 simple, 1-headed. L. hroader thail those of a. ' Teeth often 

 scarcely longer than thS' bTeadth of the brown 'appfendage; .3 

 inner rows of phyll. usually protruding. ' Pappus 0. Heads 

 usually (perhaps alwaysj radiant. C. nigrescens (Bah.). The 

 plants when seen are easily distinguishable from the radiant 

 form of C. riigr'a, altholtgh hardly to be separated by characters. 

 .^Meadows and pastures. /3-. West of England, rare. P. VI. 

 —IX. E. S. I. 



** PJi^lli lanceolate, their. wppfr halfmth a soinewhat scaritms 

 deeply toothed or fringed deciirrent margin. 



2. C. Cy'anm (L.) ; phyll. erect' adpresSed deeply toothed, 

 pappus as long as the frujt, I. linear-lanceolate, the , lowermost 

 toothed or pinnatifid. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, loosely cottony, leafy. 

 L, slightly cottony above, densely beneath. Involucre greenish 

 yellow ; phyll. often tinged with purple in their upper ,half,, 

 margins brown decurrenfewith whitish teeth. Heads with large 

 radiant blue flowers, disk purple.^Corn-fields. , Aj VI. — VIII. 

 Corn BhoeboUle. , .' E. S. L 



.3. C. Scabidsa (L.) ; phyll. erect adpresaed, the triangular- 

 ovate black pectinate appendages not co'i'ering the inv.,'teeth 

 ascending setaceous short, pappus as long as the fruit, I: pinna- 

 tifid roughish, segments lobed with hard points. — St. 2 — 8 feet 

 high, rough, fuiTowed. L. hispid, loheS of the upper ohes entire. 

 Heads on long naked stalks, solitary:-' Involucres usually rather 

 woolly ; phyll. pale, with dark acute membranous pectinate de- 

 _ current appendages ; teeth paler, short,- not longer than ^ the 

 width of the phyllary. Fl. purple, outer row radiant or 0. The 

 inv.' is 'quite covered by the a'ppendages in' a plant frOiii Car- 

 nouotie, Fife. — Fields and hedges* P. VII. — 1\, Great Knap- 

 weed. Matfellon. . ,,i i E- S. I. 



[C paniciddta (L.)' ; phyll. erect adpressed rigid with subidate 

 teeth and a short term, rigid point innermost narrow long toothed 

 at the end, pappus much shorter than the fruit', lower 1. pinna- 

 tifid with linear segments. — R. xv. 780, — St, about a foot high, 

 panicled above, rough, rfether cottony. Heads cylindric-oblong., 

 Fl. purplish.— Quenvais, Jersey. B. VII.] , 



*** Phyll. horny ai the end,, qnncs palmate or pinnate. 



|4. O. soktitidlis-CL.) ; phyll. woolly palmately spinous,, ce«<ro^ 

 spine of the intermediate ones very long needle-shaped, inner 

 ones with a roundish scarious appendage, heads terminal solitary ^ 

 St. winged with the defeurrbnit bases of the linear-lonce'olate etUire 

 hoKry.leaves, root-1. lyrate. — St. 1 — 2 feet high, branched, spread- 



