200 45. C011P0SIT.T3 



neath, .pinnatifid with S-lobed waTy spinous-oiliate segments 

 ending in strong spines...' Heads large; fl; crimson; unopened 

 anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, internal phylL contracted 

 above' the base and then lanceorate.— WasM groimd. B.'V. — 

 YD1.—Mmh Thistle. ;;■' ' E.S.I. 



2. C. cris'pzis (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinotis-ciliate lanceolate 

 glabrous- or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes trifid and 

 dentate, heads roundish, phyll! linear-subulate erect or ascending'. 

 — St. about 3 feet high. Phyll. not contracted aboye their base. 

 — a.. C. crispus (L. J: 1. lancpolate usually cottony beneath, 

 heads small clustered, suhglobular or ovoid (C pcilyanthemos 

 Koch), phyll. ending in a weak spini, p'ed. winged to the top, 

 cpnti'al tubercle of fr. nM angular. — /3.' C acanthoides (L.) ; 1. 

 broadly lanceolate usually not downy beneath, head twice as 

 large solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together subglobidar, phyll. sti-dngly 

 spinous erect, ped. often naked at the top, central tubercle of fr. 

 5-angl'ed. — Dry banks and waste places. j8. is the less common 

 plant, and probably a, hybrid between C. mdans and C. crispus. 

 R? VI.— Yin. , ■ ";!, E.S.I. 



3. C tenuiflorus (Cuit.) ; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous broadly 

 lanceolate cot^tony heneath; segments ovate lobed, hgads many 

 crowded sessile subcylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate atteiiuate.' 

 — St. about 3 feet high, slightly branched, -with broad deeply 

 lobed spinous wings. L. deeply sinuate or pinnatifid. Involucres 

 nearly glabrous. Fl. ^ink. — Sandy places ' near ihe sea.' B. P 

 VI.— VIII. E.S.I. 



•* Pappus feathery. Cnious Linn., Sm. Gihsium Koch, D.C. 

 t Leaves' spinous-hairy above, flowers purple. 



4. C. lancedldftig (L.) ; I. decitrrent white and cottony beneath 

 pinnatifldi lobes bifid with lanceolate entire segments each ter- 

 minated by a strong spine, involucres oi'a^eshaggy, phyU. lanceo- 

 late spinous spreading. — St. 3 — 4 feet high,' erect, furrowed, 

 hairy, with strong spinous wings. Heads terminal, solitary or 

 2 or 3 together, large.- — Waste ground. B. VII. YIIL. Spear 

 Thistle. E. S. I. 



5. C. erioph'orus (L.); I. hdtf-dasping not decurrent white and 

 cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid,, lobeS hifid the segments lan- 

 ceolate entire alternately pointing upwards and downwards and 

 each terminated by a strong spine, involucres globose shaggy, 

 phylL. lanceolate with a long spinous-tipped reflexed point.— 

 St. 3 — 4 feet high, much branched^ fui'rowed, hairy. Root-1. 

 1 — 2 feet long, linear with long divergent lobes which fonn 

 double rows in a very regular manner. Stem-1, similar but 



