POLTSTICHTTM. CT8T0PIEBIS. 437 



narrow, yery rigid and leathery. Pinnae overlapping and twisted 

 (most in the Irish, much less so in the Welsh plant), lower ones 

 usually aurioled hoth ahove and below.^- Young simply pinnate 

 fronds of the next.species are often much like this plant. — ^Alpine 

 rocks. P. VII. Holly Fern. E. S. I. 



2. P. aculedtum (Roth) ; fronds, riffi'd linear or lanceolate bi- 

 pinii^t^, pinmdes obliquely d^ourrent. — N. 169. Aspidium lobatum 

 Kunze. A. aciileatmn and A. IdhatumSra. — Stipe usually short. 

 Frond 1 — 2 feet high. First upper pinnule of each pinna longer 

 than the others, its lower side (next the main rachis) usually 

 nearly straight, its upper acutely auricled and forming an acute 

 angle with the lower and with the partial rachis at the point of 

 attachment. In, ypung plants the pinnae are serrate or pinnatifid 

 or'with one or more pinnules distinct. A, few of the lowest pin- 

 nules are often slightly stalked, but very difierently from those 

 of P. an^ulare.'^^A.'. lobatum (Sm.) has: the ipinnsB less divided 

 than in the type of the species and the fronds linear-lanceolate 

 and more rigid.— Hedgcvbanks. P. VII. VIII. E. S. I. 



3. P. anguldre (Nevrm.); fronds lax drooping lanceolate bi- 

 pinnate, pinnules truncate or obtme-angled below distinctly da&ed. 

 N. 17.3; Aspidium Sm., ^. B. S. 277,6. A. aculeatum Kiinze, 

 — Stipe usually long. First upper pinnule sfcai'oely longer than 

 the othersyits lowenside rounded rbelow, its, upper with a large 

 bluntish auricle and forming an obtuse angle with the lower 

 at the top of the short stalk which is nearly at right angles 

 with the partial rachis ; all short, broad and bluntish ; or first 

 upper pinnule longer and dee'ply .pinnatifid,. all more acute; or 

 pinnules all narrower and acute.— Sheltered woods aj^d hedge- 

 taiiks, chiefly in the West. ' P. VII. VIH. ' E. S. I, 



6. CTST0p'TE:tfiS Bemhl Bladder-Fern. 



1. C /ra^'iVis - (Bernh.) ; frond lanceolate bipinnate, pinnae 

 oyiate or'ovate-lanceglate, pinnules oblongrovate rather narrowed 

 lielow acute or bluntish pinnatifid or cut serrate. — Clusters rarely 

 confluent. Pinnae raiher wedgeshajjed at their base. " Sporules 

 prickly." — a. C. anlhriscifolia (Roth) ; pinnules ovate acute cut, 

 segments oblong toothed, t'ystea fragilis Sm., N. 155. C. an- 

 gmtata E. B. S. 2790 ? — /3. C. cynapifoUa (Roth) ; pinnules ob- 

 ovate cut, segments oboyate toothed or retuse at the end. C 

 fragilis E. B. 1587. — y. C. ungustata (Sm.) ; pinnules lanceo- 

 late acute cut, segments laiceolate-ohlong cut, teeth acute. N. 

 166. C. regia Roth.— The varieties are intimately connected. — 

 Books and wallsi y. Craven andN. Wales. P. VII. E. S. I. 



■ a. C. dentdta (Sm.) ; frond lanceolate bipinnate, pinnae ovate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, pinnules cordate-ovate or ovate blunt broad 

 below bluntly toothed or rarely pinnatifid. — -E. B. 1588 (bad). 



