270 QUADRUMANA. 



Marmosets, which belong to the family Halpalidae. are 

 included in the family Cebidae. 



Because of structural diiferences and peculiarities of 

 coloration and appearance, there are numerous genera 

 with a variety of species in each family of the Quad- 

 rumana, but only a few of them are entitled to considera- 

 tion as fur-bearing animals. Monkeys are most abundant 

 in the tropical parts of South America and Africa, al- 

 though they are fairly numerous in the warmer portions of 

 Asia, and some specimens are found as far north as the 

 snow line. The only species in Europe is the Barbary 

 Maccaque (Macacus-inuus). Nearly all the leading species 

 of Monkeys have specific common names as well as differ- 

 ent technical scientific designations. 



The Monkeys all have four straight incisors in each 

 jaw, and with a single exception flat nails on all the ex- 

 tremities, two characters which; approximate them more 

 neatly to Man than the Lemurs; their molars are blunt 

 tubercles like ours, and their food consists chiefly of fruit. 

 Their canine teeth being longer than the rest supply a 

 weapon which we do not possess, and require a hollow in 

 the opposite jaw to receive them when the mouth is closed. 

 ■ The' Monkeys of the Eastern Continent all have the 

 same number of grinders as Man ; but the Marmosets are 

 the only Monkeys of the New World of which this can 

 be said, all the representatives of the Cebidae having eight 

 bicuspeds instead of four. None of the American Monkeys 

 have cheek pouches, and they can always be distinguished 

 by the absence of the deep callosities which are found on 

 the buttocks of all the Old World species except the Apes, 

 with which they could never be confounded because of 

 their small size. The American Monkeys are purely ar- 

 boreal, passing all of their time in the tree tops, swinging^ 

 from branch to branch, and rarely if ever descending to 

 the ground. They have all their digits provided with well 

 developed nails, but those who have thumbs cannot oppose 

 that digit to the other digits of the hand as the repre- 

 sentatives of the foreign species do. 



For a long time zoologists classed all the Old World 

 Monkeys as belonging to one family (Catarhini) because 

 of the very thin partition between their nostrils, while 

 they grouped all the broad-nosed monkeys of the Western 



