338 Ungulata. 



is almost black. The Fallow Deer is larger and heavier 

 than the Axis, and has a short, well formed head with full 

 round nose and expressive eyes. The antlers are rather 

 palmated at the top and are usually turned backwards. 

 The antlers are shed in April, and the bucks get rid of the 

 velvet on the new ones in August, by striking them against 

 the branches of the trees. The pairing season is in Sep- 

 tember, and the does bring forth one or two young in 

 May. This is the species usually seen in zoological parks. 



The White Tailed Virginia Deer (Cariacus-virginianus), 



was formerly widely distributed through North America, 

 and is still found in Montana and Alaska. It has short 

 bristly hair of a light grey color, sometimes marked with 

 small spots, especially on the hind quarters. The antlers 

 have an abundance of points and are small, branched and 

 curved abruptly forward. 



The skins are used largely in the manufacture of 

 leather leggings. 



The Black Ta;iled or Mule Deer (Cariacus-marcrotis), 



is another North American species and derives its name 

 from the length of its ears. It is larger than the Virginia 

 Deer, and its color is reddisli brown. The principal hab- 

 itat of the Mule Deer is from Montana north and west to 

 the Pacific coast. Its skins are largely used by German 

 leather manufacturers. 



The Red Deer (Cervus-elaphus), inhabits France, Ger- 

 many and Norway, and is still occasionally seen in the 

 British Islands, where it was at one time very abundant 

 and extensively hunted. Next to the Wapiti, the European 

 Red Deer is the finest living deer in the world. The stags 

 are of a brownish red color, with a dark mark along the 

 center of the back, and dark brown legs, and whitish or 

 light brown tail and buttocks. 



The head of the stag is beautifully formed and pointed, 

 and has a lighter shade of color around the under jaw 

 and the large expressive dark brown eyes; the hind is 

 lighter in color and weight than the stag, and has a more 

 pointed nose. The hinds usually consort with the stag in 

 the second year, and, as a rule, produce but one calf at a 

 time. The young ones remain with the hinds until they 

 are nearly two years old, although they are, of course, able 



