106 WILD ANIMALS OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK. 



lows— either the tree, the cliff, the bank, or the northern violet- 

 n-reeii — may occasionally he seen. Even on the most frequented lakes 

 numerous broods of golden-eye ducks may be found, and on the 

 less frequented lakes the rare harle(|uin may sometimes be seen al- 

 though it prefers rapid rivers and streams to the quieter waters. On 

 lakes where safe secluded nesting sites are to be had the Canada goose 

 may jierhaps be discovered. Along the lake shores the spotted sand- 

 piper, CJrinnell water-thrush, and now and then the kingfisher and 

 water ouzel may be noted, although both kingfisher and ouzel are 

 more generally seen along rivers and streams, the ouzel especially 

 near waterfalls or cascades. 



On the brushy slopes above the lakes where the forest cover has been 

 replaced by chaparral, among other birds may be found slate- 

 colored fox sparrows, white-crowned and chipping sparrows, juncos, 

 Swainson vireos, Audubon and Macgillivray warblers, and some of 

 the smaller flycatchers, such as the western and Traill. 



In the open a variety of hawks — the sparrow hawk, sharp-shinned. 

 Cooper, and goshawk — may be noted, and now and then among the 

 cliff's and canyons a golden eagle may be descried. On rare occa- 

 sions a western nighthawk, a swift — the black, Vaux or possibly the 

 white-throated — or a hummingbird — generally the rufous but possi- 

 bly the calliope, black-chinned or broad-tailed — may be caught sight 

 of in passing. 



Inside the forest three species of grouse — the Richardson, Frank- 

 lin, and ruffed — may be flushed, while the close in\estigator or the 

 camper may be fortunate enough to discover some of the resident 

 owls, including the MacFarlane screech owl, the western and dusky 

 horned owls, the rai'e hawk owl, and the Eocky Mountain pygmy. 

 A uumljer of woodpeckers are also to be closely watched for. among 

 them the Eocky Mountain hairy, Arctic three-toed, Alaska three-toed, 

 red-naped sapsncker, Williamson sapsucker, northern pileated. and 

 the red-shafted flicker. Among other birds that may be seen are the 

 black-headed jay, western evening grosbeak, Montana junco, western 

 tanager, western winter wren, Eocky Mountain creeper, red-breasted 

 nuthatch, mountain chickadee, chestnut-backed chickadee, western 

 golden-crowned kinglet, Townsend solitaire, olive-backed thrush, 

 Audubon hermit thrush, northern varied thrush, and mountain blue- 

 bird. 



BIRDS OF THE IIKJTIKR REGIONS. 



In the narrow timberline or Hudsonian Zone where the white- 

 barked pine is the dominant tree, there are relatively few character- 

 istic birds. Among them are the Eocky Mountain jay, Clark crow, 

 Eocky Mountain pine grosbeak, Cassin purple finch, crossbill, pine 



