BIRDS, 107 



siskin, and Bohemian waxwinji'; Avhile above tinibcrline the ninnlier 

 of characteristic sunnner birds is reduced to three — the white-tailed 

 ptarmigan, gray-crowned leucosticte, and pipit. 



III. PERMANENT RESIDENTS AND TRANSIENT VISITANTS. 



While most of the birds found in the park in summer are merely 

 summer visitants, coming north in the spring to nest and returning 

 south in the fall to v^'inter, there are some permanent residents, such 

 as the grouse, some of the hawks, owls, and woodpeckers, together 

 with the jays, water ouzels, nuthatches, and chickadees, which pre- 

 sumably never leave the park. Similarly, the birds found in the park 

 in winter may be either i:)ermanent residents or winter visitants from 

 farther north, such as the snowy owl, great gray owl, redpoll, snow- 

 Hake, Lapland longspur. Bohemian waxwing, and northern shrike, 

 which come south during the fall or winter and return north on the 

 approach of spring. In still another category come the spring and 

 fall visitants, which merely pass through the park on their north- 

 ward and southward migrations, as some of the ducks, snow geese, 

 swans, phalaropes, snipe, and doubtless man3r of the smaller birds, 

 overlooked or unrecognized by casual observers. 



IV. KEY TO THE COMMONER SUMMER BIRDS. 



[ c? male; 9 female.] 



WATER BIRDS. 



SIZE OF .V GOOSE. 



I. Body gray, head and neck l)laek, with white throat patch 



Caiiadii GooKe, p. 106. 

 I'. Body black and white, neck streal-ced witli wliite Loon, p. 113. 



vSlZK OF A DUCK. 



Head parthi or tchoUij green. 



I. Head wholly dark green. 



2. Bill narrow, underparts wholly white or pale salmon 



Merganser, $ , p. 11,5. 

 2'. Bill wide, underparts brown and white or lirown and gray. 

 3. Bill spoon-shaped, breast white, belly reddish brown 



HhoreUer, $, p. 119. 

 3'. Bill not spoon-shaped, brea.st brown, belly gray 



Mallard, $ . p. 117, 

 I', Head partly green, 



2. Head dark green with white spot at base of bill 



narrow Golden-eye. $, p, 122. 

 2', Head brown with green stripe ou siCLH--Green-i.vinged Teal, 3, p, 118, 



