16 DWYEES GUIDE. 



and in fact must be grubbed out and removed as the necessity requires. 

 In adopting this method it is of course the privilege of the planter to 

 have these intermediate trees of summer, fall and early winter varieties, 

 commonly called '■fillers," but there is no objection in having the orchard 

 all in one -variety. This seems to be the most universally recognized, 

 "up-to-date" system of apple orcharding. We can in truth call this in- 

 tensive fruit culture. It is, of course, especially desirable and commend- 

 able where parties are hampered for land and wish to use what they have 

 in the most practical way for the largest financi^al results. When other 

 things were equal we have favored and practiced this close planting for 

 some time, and believe we ought to admit this right here. There are 

 many things in its favor. A man will become more interested in one 

 hundred and eight trees on an acre of ground than he will be on thirty. 

 He will be sure to look after their cultivation, feeding, pruning and 

 spraying better. This natural interest will be much Increased when the 

 .greater number comes into bearing and the income from them larger 

 each fruiting year. He must have the courage to thin them out 

 soon, as they become so large that their branches intermingle. 

 In naming a list of Apples we will confine ourselves to a small selec- 

 tion of the leading and reliable standard varieties, of course including the 

 sorts of recent introduction that are considered valuable acquisitions. 

 There are many other varieties that are good under special 

 favorable conditions of soils and climates. The ones hereafter named 

 will, we feel sure, be found adaptable to a wide range of country and 

 suitable for our varied lay of ground and exposures. We will classify 

 them, those for commercial purposes, and those for home use, putting 

 ■each class under three separate headings, namely: Summer, Autumn, 

 Winter. Those selected for market or commercial purposes will be 

 principally with the view to early fruiting, size, color, productiveness 

 and all-round market qualities, somewhat regardless of high flavor. 

 However, this list will necessarily include some of the best eating ap- 

 ples. The varieties named under the heading "For Home Use" will be 

 chosen for their high quality, ignoring quite entirely all other considera- 

 tions. However, we are pleased to know that this list will embrace 

 some sorts that are at once both desirable and profitable for both pur- 

 poses. 



SUMMER A'ARIETIES— FoK Commercial Purposes. 



Early Harvest. — Medium size; pale yellow, 

 early, mild, e.xcellent, sub-acid. Ripens July 5th. 

 G-ood for home use. 



Yellow Transparent. — Flesh melting, juicy, and 

 of excellent quality. Good for market and home use. 

 Sweet Bough. — Large, pale yellow, sweet, pro- 

 ductive; valuable for marKet; ripens about August 

 first. Comes into bearing early. Valuable for market. 



Red Astrachan. — Large, roundish, nearly covered with deep crim- 

 son; juicy; a free grower and a good bearer. A splendid dessert apple, 

 one of the best early sorts. Ripens July 20th. Good for all purposes. 



Early Strawberry. — Medium, roundish, handsomely striped with red, 

 excellent, productive. Good for cooking. Ripens July 15th. A good 

 market sort. 



Sops of Wine — This is a late summer variety ripening about Au- 

 gust 20th. The trees are vigorous growers and productive. The fruit 



