68 DOMESTICATED DOGS, 
various shades of grey (commonly termed “ blue”), red, black, or 
pure white, with patches of the before-mentioned colours, These 
colours are sometimes accompanied with markings of a darker tint 
about the eyes and muzzle, and with a line of the same tint (called 
a “trace”) along the course of the spine. The above ground 
colours also appear in the brindles, and in the mottled specimens. 
In the whole coloured specimens the china or wall eye but rarely 
appears, and the nose more or less approaches black, according’ to 
the prevailing tint of the dog, and the eyes vary in colour also. 
The mottled specimens have irregular patches or “cclours” upon 
the above-named ground colours, in some instances the clouds or 
markings being of two or more tints. With the mottled specimens 
the wall or china eye is not uncommon, and the nose is often 
parti-coloured or wholly flesh-coloured. . 
13. Faults—Too heavy a head, too highly-arched frontal bone 
and deep ‘“‘step” or indentation between the eyes; large ears, and 
hanging flat to the face; short neck; full dewlap; too narrow or 
too broad a chest; sunken or hollow or quite straight back; bent 
fore-legs ; overbent fetlocks ; twisted feet; spreading toes; too 
heavy and much bent or too highly-curved tail, or with a brush 
underneath ; weak hind-quarters, and a general want of muscle. 
" IX._THE BASSET AND OTHER FRENCH HOUNDS. 
In France about twelve distinct breeds of hounds are met with, 
including the St. Hubert, the smooth hounds of La Vendée, the 
Brittany Red Hound, the grey St. Louis, the Gascony, the Nor- 
mandy, the Saintogne, the Poitou, the Bresse, the Vendée rough- 
coated hound, the Artois, and the little Basset, coupled with the 
Briguet. Of these, the grey St. Louis is almost extinct, and all 
the others, with the exception of the Basset, may be grouped with 
the St. Hubert and the Red Hound of Brittany. The former of 
these closely resembles the bloodhound, but some are white in 
colour, and of our old Talbot type. The La Vendée hounds, rough 
and smooth, approach very nearly to our English foxhound and 
otter-hound respectively. The Brittany is slightly rough, but not 
to the same extent as our Welsh foxhounds ; while the Gas- 
cony approaches to our old mottled blues. The Normandy is of 
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