CHAPTER IV. 
DOMESTICATED DOGS FINDING THEIR GAME BY SCENT, BUT NOT 
KILLING 1T, BEING CHIEFLY USED IN AID OF THE GUN. 
1. The Spanish Pointer—2. The Modern English Pointer—3, The Portuguese 
Pointer—4. The French Pointer—s. The Dalmatian—6. The Setter: (a) 
English ; (8) Irish; (c) Black and Tan or Gordon; (pv) Welsh; (£) 
Russian—7. The Field Spaniel: (a) The Clumber; (8) The Sussex ; (c) 
' The Norfolk ; (D) The Modern Cocker—8, The Water-Spaniel; (a) The 
Southern Irish ; (8) The Northern ; (c) The English—g, The Poodle. 
I—THE SPANISH POINTER, 
As in most, and indeed all other breeds of the dog, the origin of 
the Spanish pointer is lost in obscurity. As far as I know, there 
is no proof that the pointer originated in Spain; but that he is 
not in a state of nature is clear, and therefore some one people 
must have first taught him to manifest his peculiar gift. No wild 
dog is in existence in which the slightest tendency to point 
instead of chasing his game is displayed, and that it can be taught 
artificially is shown in the setting spaniel, now called the setter, 
and even in the pig which a Hampshire gamekeeper once taught 
this accomplishment. But though the spaniel, the Newfoundland, 
and the terrier have often been taught to point, they none of 
them show that rigid and cataleptic condition of the whole body 
which is the peculiar characteristic ofthe pointer, and: is so 
strongly displayed in the Spanish and French pointers that it 
is possible to throw them into “the point” by using the word 
corresponding with “toho,” in the language of the corresponding 
countries. This was first made known to me at the Paris Dog 
Show of 1865, when the exhibitor of a French braque, on my 
asking if his dog was steady, threw him into a very perfect 
state of catalepsy by a single word. Our modern dogs are seldom 
