154 DOMESTICATED DOGS, 
bearded muzzle of the deerhound and Scotch terrier, but the hair 
is of a more woolly nature, and appears to be between that of the 
poodle and the water-spaniel, or perhaps the ordinary setter, but 
far thinner than either, which may account for the sustenance of 
heat. The legs are straight and strong, and the form of the body 
well adapted for the pace which the setter has to keep up; but 
this dog is not very fast, though quite sufficiently so for all sporting 
purposes. The feet are generally rather flat, but the soles are 
‘stout, and stand work well, while the quantity of hair on them fits 
them to bear the friction of heather or other rough work. I have 
never tried one of these dogs myself, but I have always heard the 
highest character of their nose and sagacity, as well-as of their 
powers of endurance. 
VII.—THE FIELD SPANIEL, 
A great variety of these dogs exists throughout Great Britain, 
and until lately they were divided into large spaniels (springers) 
and small (cockers). Nowadays, however, only four distinct 
varieties are acknowledged, viz.—(a) the Clumber, (0) the Sussex, 
(c) the Norfolk, and (d) the modern cocker. All these-strains are 
employed to find game without pointing it, giving notice (with 
the exception of the Clumber, who is mute) of their being “on it” 
by their tongues, which vary so as to enable the shooter to act 
accordingly. 
(A) THE CLUMBER SPANIEL. 
This variety has been established for a long time at the seat of 
the Duke of Newcastle, from which its name is derived, but it is 
only within the last fifty years that it has been generally known 
and appreciated. It is not, however, a poor man’s dog, as it soon 
tires, and less than two or three couple would be quite useless in 
any covert of average size. Being mute, the Clumber spaniel is 
taught never to range more than from 25 to 4o yards from his 
master, who thus never loses sight of his team for more than a 
few minutes at a time, and whatever game is stirred rises within 
gunshot. Since the general use of human beaters instead of 
canine in the battués which are now the fashion, the spaniel has 
