THE NEWFOUNDLAND DOG. 177 
like those of the fox and dingo. They should be small and neat 
in shape. The eyes are larger than the average of the species, 
dark brown in colour, and set obliquely close together. 
The shoulders ought to be oblique; but for a house-dog this is 
of little consequence. 
The chest is generally round and the back ribs shallow, but, of 
course, these points ought to be valued accordingly when their 
shape is perfect. 
The loin is frequently defective from shallow back ribs, but the 
hips are generally wide enough to give sufficient attachment to 
the muscles moving the back. 
The legs are almost always straight and muscular, with elbows 
well let down, good strong stifles, and clean hocks. 
As to the feet, they are usually small, round, and cat-like, but 
the soles are often thin and unfit for road-work, which may account 
for this dog following badly behind a horse or carriage. 
The coat is very remarkable, being more like fur than hair, but 
very coarse fur. There is an under-coat, but it also is furry rather 
than woolly. There is as marked a frill as in the collie, and there 
is nearly more feather on the fore-legs. The face is bare of all but 
very short hair. 
The colour most esteemed is a jet black without white. The 
only other allowable colour is a pure flake white, without any shade 
or spot of yellow. A red strain is met with in Germany, but it is 
unknown in this country. 
The ¢ail is curled over the back and carried on the side, usually 
the left. It is heavily feathered, and rather short in dock. 
The symmetry of the spitz is quite up to the average of the canine 
race. 
VIL—THE NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR. 
Several varieties of this dog are met with, which I shall proceed 
to describe, beginning with— 
(A) THE TRUE NEWFOUNDLAND. 
Until Sir Edwin Landseer painted his celebrated “‘ Distinguished 
Member of the Humane Society,” the Newfoundland was always 
M 
