CHINESE DOGS. : 185. 
employed to’ carry materials for hunting or the’ produce of the 
chase on his back, and at others he is harnessed to sledges in 
teams varying from seven to eleven, each being capable of drawing 
a hundredweight for his share. The team are harnessed to a single 
yoke-line by a breast-strap, and being without any guide-reins, 
they are entirely at liberty to do what they like, being only re- 
strained by the: voice of their master and urged forward by his 
whip. A single dog of tried intelligence and fidelity is placed as 
leader, and upon him the driver depends for his orders being 
obeyed. In the summer they are most of them turned off to get 
their own subsistence by hunting, some few being retained to 
carry weights on their backs; sledges are then rendered useless 
by the absence of snow; and as there is-a good subsistence for 
them from the offal of the seal and the walrus which are taken 
by the men, the dogs become fat at this season of the year. The 
Siberian and Greenland dogs are nearly similar to those of 
Kamtschatka, but somewhat larger, and also more manageable, 
all being used in the same way. The Esquimaux dog is about 
22 or 23 inches high, with a pointed, fox-like muzzle, wide head, 
pricked ears, and wolf-like aspect; the body is low and strong, 
‘and clothed with long hair, having an under-coat of thick wool; 
tail long, gently curved, and hairy; feet and legs strong and well 
formed ; the colour is almost always a dark dun, with slight. dis- 
position to brindle, and black muzzle. 
VIII.—ICELAND AND LAPLAND DOGS. 
These are nearly similar to the Esquimaux, but rather longer, 
more wolf- ‘like, and far less manageable. 
1X.—CHINESE DOGS. 
_ The dog most commonly met with in China is the Chow Chow, 
oer edible dog. This variety closely resembles the Pomeranian in 
shape, but is almost always of a rich red colour—the exceptions 
being black—and the coat is also more furry. The inside of the 
mouth is always of a deep black. In other respects this dog is 
