238 BREEDING. 
stoutness, courage, temper, and shape (which includes action) to 
be considered ; but in the dog there are also, over and above these, 
nose and sagacity, the presence or absence of which in some breeds 
is of the greatest importance. Now, it happens that there are 
certain old strains which have some of these qualities developed in 
a very high degree, but are deficient in others, and therefore they 
are only adapted to those breeds in which the qualities they are 
deficient in are in excess. It is by a knowledge of these properties, 
and by taking advantage of them, that our modern breeds have 
been brought to the perfection at which they have arrived; care- 
fully combining the plan with the principle of selection, which is 
the great secret in all kinds of breeding. In this way the foxhound 
has been produced by introducing the speed of the greyhound, and 
in like manner the courage of the bulldog has been added to the 
speed of the greyhound, to establish the present high form of that 
animal. So also the terrier, though ardent enough in pursuit of 
vermin, is too great a coward to bear their bites without flinching 
unless he is crossed with the bulldog; and hence the bull-terrier 
is the most useful dog for that purpose. Although many breeds of 
terrier so crossed are not admitted to contain the bull strain, still 
it is notorious that a vast proportion, if not all, have been crossed 
in this way some generations back, and I firmly believe that 
without this blood in their veins they are utterly useless. 
It might naturally be supposed by any person who has not been 
convinced to the contrary, that it would take several crosses to get 
rid of the heavy form of the bulldog when united with the light 
and graceful shape of the greyhound. But on actually trying the 
experiment it will readily be seen that in the third generation very 
little trace remains of the bulldog, while in the fourth there is 
none whatever apparent in external form. My friend the late Mr. 
Hanley, of the 1st Life Guards, was the last who tried the experi- 
ment, and having kept a daguerreotype of every individual used in 
it, which he kindly placed at my service, I have been enabled to 
present to my readers perfectly trustworthy proofs of the correct- 
ness of this assertion. The bulldog “Chicken” used was a very 
high-bred animal, and of him also Mr. Hanley has preserved a: 
daguerreotype; but as his breeding is admittedly high, I have not 
thought it necessary to engrave him. The bitch “Fly,” put to 
