286 BREAKING AND ENTERING. 
always being used without the counter-cheer in favour of some 
kind of game. 
All hounds require daily exercise, without which they cannot 
be preserved in health, nor can their high spirits be controlled, as 
if they are not exercised they will be always requiring the whip. 
If, however, the huntsman takes them out daily in the morning 
on the road, which hardens their feet, and in the evening in the 
paddock, they are so orderly that anything may be done with 
them. For this purpose the men should be mounted in the 
morning, but in the evening they may be on foot. 
Cub-hunting, which is the name given.to the process by which 
young hounds are entered, begins in August as soon as the corn 
is cut, and the time will therefore vary with the season and the 
country. In some places, as in the New Forest, for instance, 
it may be carried on at any time, but this month is early 
enough. It is better to take out the old hounds once or twice 
till they have recovered their summer idleness, as a good example 
is everything to the young hound. When the young entry are to 
be brought out, it is very desirable to find as quickly as possible, 
and some cautious huntsmen go so far as to keep them coupled 
till the old hounds have found their fox; but if they have been 
made steady from “riot ” there is no occasion for this. If, however, 
they have never been rated for “riot,” there is no great harm in 
their hunting hare or anything else at first, till they know what 
they ought to do; after which they must be rigidly kept to their 
game. But cub-hunting is not solely intended to break in and 
“enter” the hound, it has also for its object to disperse the foxes 
from the Jarge woodlands which form their chief holds in all 
countries ; and as these cannot show good sport during the season, 
they are well routed before it commences, to drive the foxes into 
smaller coverts, while at the same time the hounds may be ren- 
dered steady, and by practice enabled to work their fox. Very often 
the imaster will take advantage of an opportunity to have a nice 
little burst to himself; and if the hounds are not made to hustle 
the foxes through the large woodlands, good after-sport cannot be 
expected. Independently of the above object, cub-hunting is prac- 
tised in August, September, and October, firstly, in order to give 
the young hounds blood, which they can obtain easily from a litter 
