392 INFLAMMATIONS, 
‘These various forms constantly run into one another, so that we 
seldom see pleurisy without some degree of pneumonia, or the 
latter without bronchitis, Still, one generally predominates over 
the other, and, as far as treatment is concerned, that one may be 
considered as distinct. So also there is every shade between the 
very acute form, the acute, the subacute, the chronic, and the 
permanently chronic ; but for practical purposes the two divisions 
are sufficient. 
SPASMODIC ASTHMA. 
What is often called asthma in the dog is nothing more than a 
permanently chronic form of bronchitis, which is very common 
among petted toy-dogs or house-dogs, which are not allowed much 
exercise. The symptoms and treatment are detailed under the 
head of Chronic Bronchitis, at p. 389. -But there is a form of 
true asthma with spasm, which is also met with among the same 
kind of dogs, the symptoms of which are much more urgent, com- 
prising a sudden accession of difficulty in breathing, so severe that, 
the dog evidently gasps for breath, and yet there is no evidence of 
inflammation. It may be known by the suddenness of the attack, 
inflammation being comparatively slow in its approach. The 
treatment consists in the administration of an emetic (45), followed 
by the cough bolus (46), or the draught (47); but if the spasms 
are very severe, a full dose of laudanum and ether must be given, 
viz., 1 drachm of laudanum and 30 drops of the ether, in a little 
water, every three hours, till relief is afforded. The mustard em- 
brocation (42) or the turpentine liniment (43) may be rubbed 
into the chest with great advantage, 
PHTHISIS, OR CONSUMPTION. 
This disease, though very commonly fatal among highly-bred 
animals, has not been noticed by the writers on the diseases of the 
dog in this country, neither Blain, Youatt, nor Mayhew making 
the slightest allusion to it. I have, however, seen so many cases 
of tubercular disease in the dog that I cannot doubt its existence 
as an ordinary affection, and since I know that hundreds die every 
year from it I cannot pass it over without notice, I have seen 
