WORMS. 415 
dies in certain individuals of the dog tribe, as well as in the worms 
themselves ; so that whereas, in some instances, a remedy may clear 
a dog easily without the slightest ill effect upon him, in another, 
apparently under the very same circumstances of health and 
strength, remedy and dose, a fatal result, or nearly so, shall be 
produced, and even without bringing away the worms. Hence 
there is always some little risk in conducting the removal of these 
troublesome parasites, which directly and indirectly cause more 
deaths than all other diseases put together; the former by their 
own prejudicial effects, and the latter from the abuse of the power- 
ful drugs which are employed. 
The following list of remedies against the various worms is 
inserted :— 
For round-worms : 
Betel nut (Nu areca), 
Stinking hellebore (Helleborus fetidus). 
Indian pink (Spigelia Marylandica). 
Calomel (Hydrargyrt chloridum). 
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). 
Santonine, the active principle of wormseed (Artemisia contra). 
Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens). 
Powdered tin and glass. 
For tape-worm : 
Spirit of turpentine (Spiritus terebinthine). 
Kousso (Brayera anthelmintica). 
Pomegranate bark (Punica Granatum). 
Leaves and oil of male fern (Filix mas). 
The areca nut was first recommended in this country as a vermi- 
fuge about 35 years ago by Major Besant, who had seen it used 
in India for that purpose. Since that time it has been very gene- 
rally adopted, and appears to answer the purpose remarkably well, 
if it is frequently used, and dependence is not placed on a single 
dose. It should be given every week or ten days, for six or seven 
times, if the round-worm is present ; but two or three doses occa- 
sionally given will suffice for the maw-worm. Six or eight hours 
afterwards a dose of castor oil should be given. The dose of the 
freshly powdered areca nut is about two grains to every Ib. of 
the dog’s weight. Thus a dog of 30 lbs. will take one drachm, 
