WORMS. 417 
worm medicines; but if not given with care it is apt to upset 
the health of the dog, by irritating the mucous membrane of the 
alimentary canal, and of the kidneys also. I am satisfied, however, 
that it is not necessary to give it in its undiluted form, and that 
by mixing it with oil its dangerous qualities are altogether sup- 
pressed. I have known young puppies, under two months of age, 
cleared of worms without the slightest injury by giving them from 
three to ten drops, according to their size, in a teaspoonful of oil. 
The old plan was to tie up the turpentine in a piece of bladder, 
which is then to be given as a bolus; but this is either broken in 
the throat, causing suffocation by getting into the windpipe, or it 
is dissolved in the stomach, which is then irritated by the almost 
caustic nature of the turpentine. The ordinary dose given in this 
way is from half a drachm to half an ounce, the latter being only 
adapted to very strong and full-sized dogs. Certainly it is very 
useful given in this way, if it does not irritate; but I should 
prefer the mixture with oil, though it is sometimes rejected from 
the stomach. 
Kousso, when employed, should be given entire, first pouring 
boiling water upon it, and, when cool, adding the juice of half a 
lemon, which seems to increase its power. Like Indian pink and 
turpentine, it sometimes acts prejudicially, or even fatally, though 
it is generally quite innocent. ‘The dose is from two drachms to 
four, in half a pint of boiling water, which should be repeated two 
or three times at intervals of a week. 
Pomegranate bark is an admirable remedy, but it is not often to 
be obtained genuine, it being little used in this country. The 
dose is from half an ounce to an ounce of the bark, which, after 
standing for twenty-four hours in a pint and a half of water, is to 
be boiled down to one-half and filtered. This quantity is then to 
be divided into three portions, one of which is to be given every 
half-hour, till the whole is taken. 
The leaves and oil of the male fern are both very efficacious 
remedies, when obtained in a state of purity, in which there is 
some difficulty, though ‘the plant is common enough. It should 
be dug up in the summer, and the top powdered and carefully 
preserved in stoppered bottles. The dose is from twenty grains 
to two drachms, made into a bolus, and followed by a jalap purge, 
2D 
