viil CONTENTS 
POLLINATION OF FLOWERS BY ANIMALS—Structure of Flowers; Nature and 
Results of Pollination. Flowers Pollinated by Insects and their Characteristics 
—Orchids, Honeysuckles. Flowers Pollinated by Snails and Slugs—Golden 
Saxifrage (Chrysosplenium). Flowers Pollinated by Humming-Birds and Sun- 
Birds. Mammals as Agents of Pollination. Prevention of Self-Pollination - 
DEFENCES OF FLOWERS AGAINST UNBIDDEN GUESTS te 
DISPERSAL OF PLANTS BY ANIMALS - 
CHAPTER LXI.—ASSOCIATION OF ORGANISMS—COLONIAL 
ANIMALS 
COLONIAL ANIMALCULES (PROTOZOA)—Epistylis, Codosiga, Volvox, Protero- 
spongia. Origin of Many-celled Animals (4@e¢azoa) from Colonial Animalcules 
COLONIAL SPONGES (PORIFERA)—Crumb-of-Bread Sponge (Halichondria panicea) 
COLONIAL ZOOPHYTES (CQELENTERATA)—Colonial Sea- Flowers (Anthozoa)— 
Compound Corals, Sea-Pens (Peznatula). Colonial Hydrotds (Hydrozoa)— 
Hydroid Zoophytes ; Aglaophenia—Conipound Jelly-Fishes (Szphonophora) 
COLONIAL Moss-POLYPES (POLYZOA) 
COLONIAL ASCIDIANS (UROCHORDA)—Botryllus, Salps (Sa/ga), Fire-Cylinder 
(Pyrosoma) 
CHAPTER LXII.—ASSOCIATION OF ORGANISMS—SOCIAL 
BACKBONELESS ANIMALS (INVERTEBRATA) 
Advantages of the Social or Gregarious Habit - 
SOCIAL INSECTS (INSEcTA) 
SocIAL MEMBRANE-WINGED INSECTS (HYMENOPTERA)—Social Bees—Halictus, 
Humble-Bees (Bombus), Honey-Bee (Apis melliifica). Social Wasps (Vespide) 
—vVespa Germanica, Hornet (V. cvadvo). Ants—Polyrhachis, CEcophylla, 
Wood-Ant (Formica rufa), Black Garden-Ant (ZLaszus niger), Foraging-Ants 
(Eciton) 
SoclAL NET-WINGED INSECTS (NEUROPTERA)—Termites or White-“ Ants ”— 
Yellow-necked Termite (Calotermes flavicollis), Light-shunning Termite (Zermes 
lucifugus), Warrior Termite (Z. bellicosus) 
SociaL FLIES (DIPTERA)—Social Larvee of the Army-Worm (Scéara militaris) 
CHAPTER LXIII.—ASSOCIATION OF ORGANISMS—SOCIAL 
BACKBONED ANIMALS (VERTEBRATA) 
SociaL FISHES (PISCES)—Herring (Clupea harengus), Salmon (Salmo salar), Eel 
(Anguilla vulgaris), Predaceous Forms 
SocIAL BIRDS (AVES)—Rook (Corvus frugilegus). Recognition Marks in Birds 
SocIAL MAMMALS (MAMMALIA)—Beneficial Nature of the Habit in various forms. 
Prairie-Marmot (Cynomys Ludovictanus) and its Allies. True Marmots 
(Arctomys). Beaver (Castor). Recognition Marks and Odours of Mammals 
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