MESSMATES, MUTUALISTS, AND PARASITES 87 
broadens into three lobes, of which one curves up on each side, 
while the third takes a downward course and divides at its end 
into a couple of curved projections. Just at the place where the 
stalk expands into lobes a small double projection arises from its 
upper side, and this serves as a footstool for flies, which are here 
Fig. 1080.—Cross-Pollinated Flowers. ., Front view of a fly-pollinated orchid (Phalanopsis Schilleriana); 
2, column of same, showing bilobed footstool; 3, pollen-masses of same attached to sticky heart-shaped gland; 
4, side view of pollen-masses; 5, side view showing a fly on the footstool; 6, head of the fly with attached 
pollen-masses; 7, the same after the pollen-masses have bent forwards; 8 (in vertical section), shows a fly intro- 
ducing pollen-masses to another flower. 9, Flower of the moth-pollinated Lesser Butterfly Orchis (Hadbenaria 
bifolia); 10, the same, with head of a moth (Sphinx pinastr7) probing the long spur with its proboscis; 11, 
head and extended proboscis of the moth. 12, Side view of a bird-pollinated flower (A/clianthus major) with 
outer part removed, four stamens and the long curved style are seen; the arrow indicates the way to the 
honey-containing spur. 13, Flower of a moth-pollinated honeysuckle (Lozicera Etrusca) with long honey-con- 
taining tube; the arrow shows how to reach this the rounded stigma and stamens must be successively touched. 
2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, slightly enlarged; the other figures natural size. 
the invited guests. In the middle of the flower, just behind the 
footstool, may be seen a short projecting “column”, the rounded 
top of which is constituted by a short stamen, immediately beneath 
this being a deep hollow, the stigma. The pollen is aggregated 
into two masses (fod/inza), attached to a little curved plate, which 
