124 ASSOCIATION OF ORGANISMS—THE WEB OF LIFE 
tion being that this particular species is given to regicide, though 
this would be contrary to the usual habit of Termites. The 
following table (modified from Grassi) will show the various kinds 
of individual that have been found in the dwellings of Termes 
lucifugus :— 
1. Young, undifferentiated nymphs. 
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| | | : 
2. Nymphs that are not 3. Nymphs that will be 4. Reserves for royalties (present if 14, 
to be concerned with concerned with egg- 15, and 11 are absent, or 14 and 15 
egg-production. production. not sufficiently numerous). 
| | | | | 
5. Soldiernymphs. 6. Worker nymphs. 9. Nymphs ofthe 10. Nymphs ofthe 11. Reserves for 
first form. second form. royalties (pre- 
7. Soldiers. 8. Workers. | | sent if 14, 15, 
i lI 15. Substitution and 4 are want- 
12. Winged 13 Reserve royalties. ing, or if 15 and 
insects. royalties (?). 4 are not suffi- 
ciently numer- 
14. True ous). 
royalties. 
When we remember that the societies of this and other species 
may exist for a very long time, the reason for the production of 
substitution royalties becomes tolerably clear. We may suppose 
that a society is in the first instance founded by a fully-developed 
royal pair, after they have shed their wings. When a sufficient 
number of workers have been matured to do the ordinary work, 
the royal pair for the rest of their lives are carefully tended 
(though possibly in some species the king may be destroyed), 
being afterwards replaced by substitution royalties, devoid of 
wings, these being unnecessary under the circumstances. Pro- 
vision would, of course, be made for a continuous succession of 
queens and kings of this kind, and the society would only die 
out when the environment became in some way very unfavour- 
able. 
The Light-shunning Termite lives in wood, like the Yellow- 
necked species, but its building operations are much more 
elaborate. Complex galleries and chambers are tunnelled out, 
and, as before, the exhausted intestinal pellets are employed in 
constructive work, the cement being saliva. The same sorts of 
food are used as in the other species. 
The societies of certain Termites native to tropical Africa are 
the largest and most complex yet discovered, though our know- 
ledge regarding them is unfortunately very incomplete. The 
most famous species is the Warrior Termite (Zervmes bellicosus), 
