CRESTED PENGUINS OR ROCK-HOPPERS 
(Eudyptes chrysocome) 
Penguins are more thoroughly aquatic than any other existing 
birds, their wings having been converted into paddles. of great 
efficiency, though entirely useless for purposes of flight. The 
group is characteristic of the Southern Hemisphere, and practi- 
cally limited to the shores of the Antarctic Ocean. The species 
represented is the Crested Penguin or Rock-hopper (Zudyptes 
chrysocome), which ranges from the Falkland Islands to New Zea- 
land. It is a handsome black-and-white bird, with an orange- 
coloured crest on either side of the head. Like so many sea-birds 
the Rock-hoppers are social in habit. Their favourite breeding- 
grounds are boulder-strewn slopes at some little distance from the 
sea, and near fresh water, in which they are fond of bathing. The 
nest is often a mere hollow scratched in the earth, though stems 
and leaves may be roughly drawn together to form it. The Rock- 
hopper, like Penguins generally, broods over its eggs in an erect 
or semi-erect position, bringing them into contact with a bare 
patch on the under side of the body, an arrangement which secures 
a maximum of heat. 
