DOMESTICATED MAMMALS AND THEIR USES 233 
races of the Old World would tame the ox, the sheep, and the 
goat before turning their attention to the pig, and the evidence 
of the lake-dwellings of Switzerland favours such a conclusion, 
for in that area at any rate swine were not domesticated till the 
Age of Stone had given way to the Age of Bronze. And posi- 
tive evidence is also available to show that the Swiss lake-dwellers 
of the latter period cultivated several kinds of grain, and were, 
in fact, agriculturists of a primitive kind. 
Ordinary European Swine are probably not an unmixed race, 
but the predominant strain in them is derived from the Wild Boar 
(Sus scrofa), which at the present time is widely distributed 
through Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia. It 
inhabited Britain down to the end of the sixteenth century. The 
Wild Boar of India, Ceylon, and Further India is probably a 
variety of the same species. The domesticated pigs of China and 
Japan would appear to be of entirely different origin. 
The uses of the Pig are manifold, and too well known to 
require detailed notice. As Simmonds says (in Animal Products): 
“It is the animal in which there is the least waste between the 
dead and living weight, nearly all the carcase being utilized. The 
blood, the skin, the head, and most of the entrails, which are 
useless in other animals, serving as food.” Leather, bristles, and 
lard (employed for a great variety of purposes) are the most 
valuable of the remaining products. In 1902 this country imported 
about 328,600 tons of bacon and ham, the value of which was 
417,285,867. And it was estimated that in June, 1903, the 
number of swine in the United Kingdom amounted to 4,085,764. 
Tue Horse (Equus capaLLus).—Wild Horses were among 
the animals hunted by prehistoric man in Europe during the 
Stone Age, as we know from contemporary drawings that have 
come down to us from the times (Newer Paleolithic period) which 
immediately preceded the final (or Neolithic) epoch of that age, 
when the implements and weapons of stone were either neatly 
chipped or carefully polished. It is remarkable that the men of 
the Newer Paleolithic period were possessed of considerable 
artistic power, as is now the case with the Esquimaux, their 
possible descendants, and they whiled away part of their leisure 
time by scratching spirited outlines of various wild animals on 
pieces of bone, ivory, or antler. One such drawing representing 
two hog-maned horses is depicted in fig. 1168. It would appear, 
