240 UTILITARIAN ZOOLOGY 
Unfortunately mules are often vicious, stubborn, and difficult 
to manage, and probably on this account have not so far been used 
so much as might be desired in the development of the resources 
of the mountainous parts of the empire. A partial solution to 
the problem may perhaps be found in the employment of zebra- 
mules, z.e. crosses between horse and zebra (fig. 1175), which are 
much more docile than ordinary mules. This step has been advo- 
cated by Captain Lugard, Major von Wissmann, and Professor 
dam ‘‘ Tundra”, an Iceland pony) 
Cossar Ewart, the last of whom makes the following remarks 
on the subject (in Zhe Penycuzk Experiments):—“ | have already 
referred to the views of Captain Lugard. He writes: ‘Some 
years ago I advocated experiments on taming the zebra, and | 
especially suggested that an attempt should be made to obtain 
zebra-mules by horse or donkey mares. Such mules, I believe, 
would be found excessively hardy, and impervious to the ‘fly’ 
and to climatic diseases. . . . I would even go further, and say 
that their export might prove one of the sources of revenue and 
wealth in the future; for, as everyone knows, the paucity of 
mules both for mountain batteries and for transport purposes 
has long been one of the gravest difficulties in our otherwise 
