TllEE-PIPIT. 219 



ANTHUS ARBOREUS. 

 TREE-PIPIT. 



(Plate 14.) ' 



Alauda arborea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 340, pi. xx. fig. 1 (1760) ; et auctorum pluri- 



morum — (Temininck),(Naumann), (DeglandS^ Gerhe), {Bonaparte), (Salvadori), 

 {Gray), (Stevenson), {Macgillivray), (Savi), (Jerdon), {Tristrani), {Godman), 

 {Hume), {Severtzow) , (Goebel), {Kriiper), {Sachse), &c. 



Alauda trivialis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 288 (1766). 



Alauda plumata, Miill. Natursyst. p. 137 (1776). 



Alauda minor, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 793 (1788). 



Spipola agrestis, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. ^c. Brit. Mus. p. 22 (1816). 



Motacilla spipola, PaK. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 512 (1826). 



Anthus trivialis {Linn.), Fleming, Brit. An. p. 75 (1828). 



Pipastes arboreus {Briss.), Kaup, Natilrl. Syst. p. 33 (1829). 



Antbus agilis, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 91. 



FringiUa agilis (Sykes), Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. ii. p. 578 (1833). 



Dendroanthus trivialis (Linn.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 135 (1849). 



Pipastes agilis (Sykes), Gould, B. Asia, part xvii. (1865). 



Pipastes montanus, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 312. 



Antbus plumatus (Mull.), Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 130 (1872). 



Pipastes plumatus (Miill.), Hume, Stray Feathers, 1873, p. 202. 



The Tree-Pipit is a summer migrant to our islands and is very widely 

 distributed. It is found commonly in all suitable localities in England 

 with the exception of the extreme south-west^ but becomes far less common 

 in Wales. It also breeds in the Channel Islands. In Scotland Gray 

 remarks that the only place in which he found this species at all abundant 

 was within a few miles' radius of Glasgow, although it is distributed 

 from Inverness to Galloway^ but nowhere in great numbers. On the 

 east coast he remarks that it is dispersed from Berwick to BanffshirCj 

 and is also found in some of the inland counties. It occasionally 

 wanders as far as the Orkneys, but does not appear to have been noticed 

 in Shetland. In Ireland the Tree-Pipit is a very rare species, although it 

 is quite possible that it has been overlooked. Thompson had no satis- 

 factory evidence of its occurrence there ; nor was it with certainty detected 

 until Mr. C. W. Benson met with a pair on the north side of the city of 

 Dublin ('Zoologist/ 1878, p. 348). In the same periodical for the same 

 year (p. 454), Mr. H. Chichester Hart, in referring to the above, states 

 that he found a nest near Raheny, co. Dublin, about thirteen years pre- 

 viously, which, there can be little doubt, belonged to this species. 



The Tree-Pipit, like many other Palsearctic birds, has two forms, an 

 eastern and a western, which mpet together in the valley of the Yenesay. 



