GOOD CITIZENSHIP HELPLESS 223 
location of an east and west parkway from Newark to the 
Orange Mountain, in the central part of the county.” 
The landscape architects of the department at this time 
were the Olmsted Brothers, who had succeeded landscape 
architects and engineers Barrett and Bogart, the Septem- 
ber previous. In December, 1898, following their appoint- 
ment, the Messrs. Olmsted had submitted two elaborate re- 
ports on the parkway subject—one December 2+, the other 
December 31—of twenty-four pages of typewritten matter, 
and apparently covering most of the county. These reports 
were furnished in response to a resolution of the board of 
November 16, 1898, calling for “a report on parkways in 
general,” and were, in outline, similar to the parkway feat- 
ures of the other tentative reports of the original five park 
specialists (their own report among the number) made to 
the first Park Commission in 1894 and early in 1895. These 
elaborate reports of 1898, however, although they treated of 
widely extended possible parkway locations, recommended 
special legislation for the acquirement of the requisite land ; 
favored the establishment of building lines on future park- 
ways. and desirable traffic restrictions, and the limiting of 
height of buildings. They also advocated “the extension of 
the East Orange parkway on to Weequahic,” also to “the 
disposal works and to Eagle Rock,” etc. Yet they made no 
reference whatever to the two great east and west avenue 
parkways already constructed, and which, as_ elaborated 
upon in that firm’s own report of January 16, 1895, were 
then described as being “essentially parkways of a formal 
character,” “on which, to make them all that is desirable 
for your purpose, it is only necessary” that “certain im- 
provements of detail should be made.” 
OBJECTIONS BASED ON TRAFFIC. 
No reference or suggestion was made in any of the earlier 
expert reports as to “the needs-of-ordinary-traffic” objection 
to the avenues being improved as parkways; but, after the 
traction company’s franchise promoters had systematically 
exploited this claim, it soon entered into the parkway side of 
