30 STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY. 



acid.^ Later, double and quadruple the quantity added, and 

 observe the eflfect produced upon the plant. Experiment with 

 different species of ferns and club mosses in tlie same manner. 

 Observe in another series of experiments the elfeet of sunlight 

 in modifying the influence of an excess of carbonic acid gas in 

 the atmosphere. 



The measure of assimilatioe acticity is to be found either 

 in the amount of pure oxj-gen evolved in assimihition, or in the 

 amount of carbonic acid decomposed in it. 



1. Determinations depending upon tjie amount of oxygen 

 evolved : The gas which is given olf during assimilation, espe- 

 cially by water plants, is never absolutely pure oxygen ; but 

 since it contains so small a proportion of other matters under 

 most circumstances which the student is likely to meet, the 

 amount of it evolved may be taken safely as the approximate 

 measure of assimilation. The method of measurement by count- 

 ing bubbles emitted by water plants in water (see 814) is alwa^-s 

 practicable and easy of execution. The evolved gf.s can be 

 easily collected in any convenient in\erted receptacle. If the gas 

 collected and measured is analyzed eudiometrically, as dir3cted 

 in Bunsen's '' Gasometry," the determination leaves kittle to be 

 desired. 



2. Determinations depending upon the amount of carbonic 

 acid decomposed. To the air contained in a glass vessel in- 

 verted over mercury a known quantity of carbonic acid is added. 

 The plant previously placed in the receptacle decomposes a part 

 of this, and after a given time the amount decomposed is ascer- 

 tained by measurement of the carbonic acid that remains. 



Effects of different gases upon assimilation. A few plants 

 and two or three small Wardian cases, or, better, capacious bell- 

 ja.rs, will answer for this study. Select only sound plants for 

 examination, and be careful to liave those in one bell-jar as nearl3- 

 as possible of the same size and strength as those in the others. 

 Let tiie air in one of the jars be ordinar}' atmospheric air ; to that 

 in the others add a known but small quantity of one of the fol- 

 lowing gases ; namely, (1) common coal gas ; (2) sulphurous acid ; 

 (3) chlorine. Compare the growth and vigor of the plants from 

 time to time, and observe whetlier insolation makes any diflference 

 in the appearance of the i)lants exposed to the gases mentioned. 



1 In all cases where an additional amount of gas is introduced into a bell- 

 jiir, allowancp must be made in some way for the possible increase of pressure. 

 For the necessary correction in these cases, and for other details regarding the 

 management of gases, consult Bnnsen's " Gasometry." 



