98 Laboratory Guide in Zoology 



forearm united ; {c) the small bones following, gener- 

 ally six, correspond to the bones of the wrist and may 

 be called the carpus ; {d) next to the carpus there are 

 five bones, corresponding to the bones of the palm of 

 the hand (one is much smaller than the others and 

 corresponds to the thumb) and all together compose 

 the metacarpus ; (e) the remaining bones making the 

 four fingers are called the phalanges. 

 XVI. — In a similar manner follow out the bones in the 

 hind legs : (a) the femur corresponds to the thigh bone ; 

 (d) the tibio-fibula corresponds to the shank ; (c) the 

 tarsus corresponds to the bones of the ankle ; (d ) the 

 metatarsus corresponds to the bones of the foot ; and 

 {e) the phalanges correspond to the bones of the toes. 



THE BIRD 



The English sparrow will serve very well for the follow- 

 ing study of the structure of a bird. 



EXTERNAL ANATOMY 



I. — General. Study the general structure of the body, 



noting that it may be easily divided into head, neck, 

 trunk, and tail. In the trunk find the thoracic and the 

 abdominal regions. In what ways does the bird differ 

 from the frog .■■ 



II. — Observe the hard beak composed of two mandibles. 

 Which of these is movable .■" Find the tongue, extend- 

 ing it with a pair of forceps. Describe its surface 

 above and below. Are there any projections upon it.? 

 Of what use might they be .'' Behind the hard part of 

 the tongue find an opening — the glottis. 



III. — Study the inner surfaces of the jaws. Find what 



