128 A MANUAL OF MOSSES 



b. Leaves linear-lanceolate, often secvnid: spores smaller. 



(£. serratum angustatum 

 Bryologia Europaea.) 

 c. Costa perciirrent or vanishing near the apex. 



d. 

 c. Costa excurrent and quite strong. g. 



d. Upper leaves broadly lanceolate to elongate-lanceolate. 



e. 

 d. Upper leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate. 



f. 

 e. Capsule short, obtuse; costa effaced at base, upwards towards 



the apex continuous. I. £. cohaerans. 



e. Capsule acutely beaked: costa loosely areolate, scarcely distinct 

 except towards the short, entire, pointed apex. 



(.B. pallidum Schimper.) 

 f. Calyptra smooth: leaves gradually long-acuminate, slightly and 



irregularly serrate at apex. 2. B. crassinerimm. 



f. Calyptra papillose: leaves papillose on both sides. 



(£. papillosum Austin.) 

 g. Leaves with almost entire margin or shortly serrate above. 



(B-stenophyllum [Bridel] 

 Schimper.) 

 g. Leaves with a long, hyaline, spinulose arista. 



(B. spinulosuiii Schim- 

 per.) 



1. Ephemerum cohaerans (Piedwig) Hampe. 



(Phascuin cohaerans Hedwig). 



Plants minute, 1-1.5 mm. high, densely gregarious or 

 somewhat cespitose : protonema persistent, green or yellow- 

 ish with age; leaves lance-ovate to lance-oblong, erect-spread- 

 ing, acute, serrate above ; costa thin, stronger above, ending 

 in the apex or just below ; leaf-cells lax, oblong-hexagonal, 

 rather thin-walled : capsule sub-sessile, castaneous, sub- 

 globose, obtusely apiculate, bearing stomata all over; calyptra 

 more or less lobed or torn at base ; spores large, .060-.080 

 mm., coarsely tuberculate, mature in late autumn : dioicous. 



On moist sandy or clayey soil, Europe and, in eastern 

 North America, south to Louisiana. Not yet collected in our 

 region but occurring in Eastern Pennsylvania and in Ohio. 



2. Ephemerum crassinervium (Schwaegrichen) C. ^Mueller, 



not Hampe. 

 (Phascuin crassinervium Schwaegrichen). 

 Plants minute, not over 1 mm. high, gregarious: green 

 protonema persistent ; leaves erect-spreading, flexuous, linear- 

 lanceolate, slenderly long-acuminate, rather coarsely serrate 

 above, marginally plane ; costa flat, faint below, stronger above, 

 percurrent, denticulate dorsally above ; leaf-cells more or less 

 rectangular to oblong-hexagonal, thin-walled : capsule with a 

 very short seta, immersed, globose, apiculate; the capsule 

 about half-covered b}^ the cleft-lobate, mitrate-conic calyptra; 



