OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 135 



brane, papillose, u^ipcisite the teeth ; spores medium ; opercu- 

 him flat or convex; calyptra long-persistent, inflated-cucul- 

 late, lonn-rostrate, smooth, entire. 



A cosmopolitan genus of about 190 species (including 

 Entosthodoii), on soil; 21 species in North America, 3 in our 

 range. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Capsule neither striate nor plicate; no annulus. 



i. P. ainericana. 

 a Capsule striate and more or less plicate; annulus curling off. 



b. 

 b. Leaves long acuminate; costa very often excurrent. 



2. P. flavicans. 

 b. Leaves short acuminate; costa mostly percurrent. 



3. P. Iiygronictrica. 



1. Funaria americana Lindberg. 



(F. iimhlenhergii Hedwig,^ — mainly plate, not description, — 



Lindberg.) 



Small, gregarious to loosely cespitose : stems very short ; 

 leaves erect-spreading, ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, some- 

 what concave, plane-margined, entire ; costa strong, excurrent, 

 leaf-cells lax, moderately thin-walled, the basal quadrate- 

 hexagonal to rectangular, the upper elongate rectangular ; 

 seta slender, rather short, up to L5 cm. long, when dry dex- 

 trorse below, sinistrorse above ; capsule erect, subcernuous, 

 pyriform-oblong, the mouth tilted to one side, when dry the 

 long tapering neck rugulose, the urn smoothish and constricted 

 below mouth ; no annulus ; peristome-teeth lance-linear, dex- 

 trorsely tilted, castaneous-pellucid, papillose, articulate, with 

 divisural, sti-ongly trabeculate ; segments about as long and 

 opposite teeth, pale pellucid; lid conic, obtuse, calyptra in- 

 flated, long-rostrate, cucullate ; spores papillose, mature in 

 May : autoicous. 



On bare ground, Eastern Pennsylvania to Ohio and Min- 

 nesota, south to Georgia, and in the Rocky Mountains and 

 California, but not often collected, — perhaps to be expected 

 in our region. 



2. Funaria flavicans Richardson, Michaux. 



Loosely cespitose: stems erect, smaller than F. hygroiiietrica; 

 lower leaves small, the upper leaves larger and tufted, oblong- 

 spatulate to obovate, concave, plane-margined, entire, at apex 

 long-acuminate; costa percurrent or excurrent; leaf-cells large, 

 lax; seta long, erect, capsule oval-pyriform to globose-pyriform, 

 more or less horizontal or downward curved, dark reddish when 

 mature, with mouth less oblique and smaller than in F. hygromet- 

 rica, gradually attenuate below into the seta, not much furrowed 



