180 A MANUAL OF MOSSES 



lance-linear, rarely split, plane, below yellowish and trans- 

 versely striate-punctate, above whitish and vertically papil- 

 lose-striate, divisural zigzag, dorsal plates low, sometimes cut 

 by cross-walls; inner peristome free, yellow, basal membrane 

 high, carinate, transversely striate, dividing into 64 filiform, 

 papillose cilia, united apically into groups of fours, generally 

 appendiculate on the inner side ; spores .012-023 mm., yellow, 

 almost smooth; operculum hemispheric, often apiculate; ca- 

 lyptra cucullate, long and narrow, often remaining on the seta. 

 One genus with characters as for the family; 10 species; 

 three in North America, one in our range. 



1. TIM MI A Hedwig. 



1. Timmia cucullata Richard. 



(T. megapolitana American authors, in part). 



(Plate XXV) 



Loosely cespitose, bright green above, brownish below: 

 stems erect, sparingly branched, radiculose below; leaves 

 lanceolate to lance-linear, spreading from a concave appressed 

 and more or less sheathing base, acute to subacute, the margins 

 serrate almost to the sheathing base, the spreading portion of 

 the leaf concave, smooth on back or more or less involute; 

 costa ratlier narrow, strong, ending in the apex ; basal leaf-cells 

 elongate-rectangular, rather thin-walled, hyaline, hardly in- 

 flated, in upper part of sheathing base becoming shorter to 

 quadrate, and incrassate, the outer walls bulging so as to ap- 

 pear slightly papillose, about .010 mm. in diameter : seta about 

 2 cm. long, erect; capsule inclined to cernuous, oblong, when 

 dry and empty unsymmetric, strongly curved, and somewhat 

 wrinkled and tapering gradually from the wide mouth to the 

 seta ; lid rounded and apiculate ; annulus revoluble, pluriseri- 

 ate; peristome double, the teeth 16, lance-linear, yellowish- 

 pellucid, trabeculate on inner side, articulate and with a di- 

 visural on outer surface, inner peristome with high basal mem- 

 brane and 64 filiform cilia united into groups of four each, 

 opposite to and about as long as teeth ; calyptra cucullate ; 

 spores smoothish, mature usually in May. 



In shade, on moist banks, or bases of trees, mostly in 

 calcareous districts ; Europe, and, in North America, from New- 

 foundland to Pennsylvania and west to the Pacific States. 

 Rarely collected in our region. 



McKean : Riverside swamp, ten miles north of 



Bradford, on base of old elm, August 19, 

 1896. D. A. B. Sterile. (Figured). 



Family XX. BUXBAUMIACEAE. 

 Autoicous or dioicous : perennial, low, gregarious to laxly 

 cespitose, dark green, finally brownish : protonema more or less 



