342 A MANUAL OF MOSSES 



rectangular, with thick and often brownish or yellowish walls, 

 forming quite distinct auricles ; stem-leaves usually smaller 

 than branch-leaves, proportionally narrower : seta papillose, 3 

 to 4 cm. long, flexuous, slender, castaneous; capsule small, 

 turgid-oval, often blackish when ripe, the urn about 2.5-3X1 

 mm., dorsally gibbous, castaneous. abruptly more or less 

 horizontal, sub-globose when empty ; annulus large ; exothe- 

 cial cells rounded-quadrate and small at the rim, oblong-rec- 

 tangular and a little larger below, all strongly castaneous or 

 yellowish and incrassate ; peristome-teeth castaneous below, 

 set far back from the edge of rim, margined, rather widely 

 confluent at base, lamellate, cross-striolate dorsally below, 

 hyaline and papillose at apex, strongly trabeculate ; segments 

 slender, about as long as teeth, carinately split and often 

 widely gaping in the middle, yellowish ; basal membrane about 

 two-fifths as high as the teeth, the cilia 2 or 3, strongly ap- 

 pendiculate, hyaline granular, a little shorter than the seg- 

 ments ; spores about .012-015 mm., greenish-yellow or brown- 

 ish, slightly roughened, medium-walled, mature in winter. 



On moist, rotten wood, stumps, bases of trees, earth, in 

 moist woods in hilly or mountainous regions; Europe, and 

 from Arctic America to northern United States as far south as 

 New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Probably rare in our region. 

 Elk : Benezette. McMinn. (Porter's Cata- 



logue). 

 McKean : On shaded banks along Marilla Brook, 



Bradford, April 25, 1897. D. A. B. (Fig- 

 ured). 



12. Brachythecium velutinum [Linnseus] Bryologia Europjea. 



(Hypmem velutinuvi Linnasus ; H. declwum Mitten). 



(Plate LI) 



Slender and usually in low, soft, silky mats, bright or 

 yellowish-green, prostrate : stems radiculose ; branches numer- 

 ous, short, in our specimens the branches usually less than 5 

 mm. long, crowded, irregular or curved, more or less sub- 

 pinnate; branch-leaves loosely erect-spreading to sub-secund, 

 more widely spreading when dry, lanceolate to lance-ovate, in 

 ours mainly 1-1.5 mm. long, tapering to a long acumination, 

 serrate, apically often twisted, shortly decurrent, faintly plicate, 

 glossy when dry, marginally plane ; costa slender, reaching 

 about to the middle; median leaf-cells narrow-linear, rather 

 obtuse, about 8-15:1, the apical similar but a little shorter, 

 the basal shorter, the alar few, rather opaque, incrassate, sub- 

 quadrate ; the stem-leaves similar but usually not so large as 

 some of the branch-leaves ; perichaetial leaves erect, slenderly 

 acuminate, up to 1.8 mm. long; seta about 1.5 cm. long, very 



