OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 357 



Cirrate, curling up in di"ying. 



Clavate, club-shaped. 



Cleistocarpous, applied to a capsule which bursts open irregularly. 



CoHum, the more or less tapering neck or base of the capsule. 



Columella, the central axis of the capsule around which the 



spores are produced. 

 Comose, tufted at the apex, in a coma. 

 Complanate, flattened. 

 Confluent, merging together. 



Constricted, contracted somewhere below the top or apex. 

 Cordate, heart-shaped. 

 Cortex, the outer bark or sf)ecialized layer. 

 Cortical, referring to the cortex. 

 Costa, the midrib or mid-vein of the leaf. 

 Crenate, with rounded t€eth. 

 Cribrose, perforated more or less sieve-like. 

 Crispate, variously curled and bent. 

 Cucullate, hood-like. 

 Cuneate, wedge-shaped. 



Cuspidate, tipped with a sharp and rigid point. 

 Cuticular, belonging to the outermost skin. 

 Cygneous, abruptly down-curved like a swan's neck. 

 Cymbiform, the whole leaf more or less boat-shaped. 

 Decumbent, reclining but with the apex ascending. 

 Decurrent, (leaves) with the borders extending down the stem 



below the insertion. 

 Dehiscent, splitting open. 

 Dendroid, tree-like in form. 

 Dentate, toothed with outwardly directed teeth. 

 Denticulate, minutely toothed. 

 Deoperculate, (capsule) with the lid fallen off. 

 Dextrorse, twisted to the right as the threads of the ordinary 



screw or bolt, used in the opposite sense by some authors. 

 Dimidiate, split on one side. 

 Dimorphous , with two forms. 



Dioicous, with the antheridia and archegonia on separate plants. 

 Discoid, disk-shaped as in some male inflorescences. 

 Distichous, in two opposite rows, two-ranked. 

 Divaricate, widely diverging or spreading. 

 Divisural {Line), the median line running up and down the teeth 



of the peristome and often zigzag. 

 Ducts, applid to the narrow chlorophyllose cells in the leaves of 



the Sphagnums. 

 Bcostate, without a costa. 

 Emarginate, apically notched. 

 Emergent, applied to capsules rising slightly above the perichaetial 



leaves. 



