CALF SCOURS 257 



change is made to cover a week or ten days. By the time the 

 milk fed isi about half and half, skim and whole milk, a few 

 ounces of the calf meal mixture should be stirred into the milk. 

 This can best be done by making up the meal into a paste in cold 

 water and then adding to the milk. The meal is gradually in- 

 creased as the whole milk is decreased until when tlie calf is about 

 three weeks old it is living on skim milk and calf meal. This diet 

 of skim milk and meal gruel should continue until the calf is 

 about three months old, when milk may be entirely withheld. 



The calf will already have learned to eat tender hay and 

 small amounts of ordinary grain so that by the time the calf is 

 six months old the. feeding of the calf meal may be stopped. 

 From this time forward any thrifty calf will do well on tender 

 hay, common grain mixtures and water. 



Whey for Calves. — In regions where cheese is largely made 

 the problem of raising calves is one of successfully combining 

 whey with gi-ain in such fashion as to produce thrifty stock. In 

 the process of cheese making practically all of the fat and casein 

 is removed from the milk. The substances remaining are 

 sugar, albumen, a very little casein and a little fat and ash. The 

 total solid content of whey is nearly one-half that of whole milk 

 and about two-thirds that of skim milk. One hundred pounds 

 of whey ordinarily carries from 51^2 to 6 pounds of solid feed, 

 while skim milk has only about 9 pounds. The problem of 

 raising calves in cheese districts has been solved in very much 

 the same way as in whole milk shipping regions, namely, the 

 combination of a small amount of milk with a generous amount 

 of calf meals and common grains. 



Whey fed clean and sweet is better than water, but if allowed 

 to become contaminated in a dirty whey tank or barrel it may 

 cause scours and be worse than no whey. Whey is worth most 

 when mixed with grains and fed to swine. 



Sweet whey combined with a calf meal will sustain a calf 

 at an early age, two to three months, and may be continued until 

 the calf is six or nine months old with profit. 



Calf Scours. — The most common form of calf scours is 

 caused by any sort of interference with the process of digestion. 

 In many places the most frequent cause is over-feeding on milk 

 17 



