60 GRAPHIDACEAE 



(b) Spores similar but brown Dirinastrum io6 



3. Thallus present, fruticose, erect Subfamily Roccellae 106 



a. Hyphae of cortex parallel with thallus surface 



(i) Perithecia elongate, furrowed; spores clear, 8-9-cellecl 



Ingaderia 107 

 (2) Perithecia round 



(a) Hypothecium black; spores clear 



X. Exciple with algae Dendrographa 107 



y. Exciple without algae Roccellaria 107 



(b) Hypothecium clear; spores brown, spiny 



Darbishirella 108 



b. Hyphae perpendicular to surface 

 (i) Perithecia elongate, furrowed 



(a) Perithecia immersed; hypothecium clear 



Roccellographa 108 



(b) Perithecia superficial; hypothecium black 



Reinkella 108 

 (2) Perithecia round 



(a) Spores clear; perithecia entire 

 x, Hypothecium black 



(x) Thallus mostly crustose, slightly fruticose 



Roccellina 108 



(y) Thallus distinctly fruticose Roccella 109 

 y. Hypothecium clear 



(x) Algae present below the hypothecium 



Pentagenella 110 



(y) No algae below the hypothecium 



Combea 109 



(b) Spores brown or brownish ; perithecia deeply lobed 

 X. Medulla clear throughout Schizopelte no 

 y. Inner medullary layer black Simonyella no 



II. Perithecia in a stroma, mostly immersed Subfamily Chiodectae 102 

 I. Algae Chroolepus 



a. Paraphyses simple and free 

 (i) Spores transeptate 



(a) Spores clear Glyphis 103 



(b) Spores brown Sarcographa 103 

 (2) Spores muriform 



(a) Spores clear Enterodictyum 104 



(b) Spores brown Sarcographina 103 



b. Paraphyses branched and reticulately united 

 (i) Spores transeptate 



(a) Spores colorless Chiodectum 104 



(b) Spores brown or dark 



X. Perithecia margined Sclerophytum 105 



y. Perithecia marginless Synarthonia 91 

 (2) Spores muriform 



(a) Spores clear Minksia 241 



