Morvna."] txxvii. dipsacb^. (C. B. Clarke.) 217 



close together ; 'braots to each whorl often 6, adnate by their bases into a short cara- 

 panulate cup J to ^ in. long; their free portions l-lj in., very narrow, shining. 

 Calyx-lips | by l in., deeply lobed. Flowers not seen. 



6. 91. nepalensls, Don Prodr. 161 ; low, sU the leaves without spines 

 except the uppermost and the floral leaves, fertile stamens 4 subequal. M. nana, 

 WaU. Cat. 424; DC. Prodr. iv. 645. 



Nip At; Gossainthan, Wdllioh. 



Stem 3-6 in., pabescent upwards. Leaves 4 by J in,, entire, sinuate, glabrous ; 

 leaves near the flower- whorls spinous, obscurely toothed. Flowers few in few approxi- 

 mate whorls, forming one small terniinal head. Calyx-lip J in., ohovate, subentire or 

 mucronate, with 1 or 2 teeth ; the other lip obsolete or nearly so. Corolla-tube J in. 

 Filaments hardly any. 



6. nx. betonicoldes, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1171 ; low, leaves all 

 spinous scarcely toothed, fertile stamens 4 subequal. 



SiKKiM HiMALAVA, alt. 10-13,000 ft.; Lachen and Yevrntimg, J. D. H. ; Singa- 

 lehlah and Tumbok, C B. Clarke. 



Sicm^gii^in. Heads of flowers few, the lower sometimes remote. Corolla pale- 

 purple. — This is perhaps the fully developed sta(e of M. nepalensls, from which it 

 only differs in having the lower leaves spinous as well as the uppermost. 



3. DIFSACUS, Linn. 



Stout erect herbs, prickly or bristly. Leaves opposite, toothed or pinnatifid. 

 Heads terminal, long-peduBcled ; bracts subtending the heads, and bracteoles 

 rigid, bristly or prickly. Involiuiel 4^8-ribbed, adnate often nearly its whole 

 length to the ovary. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, 4^angled, 4-lobed. Corolla-tube 

 fnnnel-shaped ; limb 4-lobed, equal or sub-bilabiate, pale blue, white, yellowish, or 

 black-purple. Stamens 4, perfect. Style filiform ; stigma oblique or latera'. 

 Achene adnate to the involueel in the Indian species, 8-ribbed, crowned with the 

 (often deciduous) calyx-limb. — Disikib. Species 12, European, Abyssinian, and 

 Asiatic. 



1. D. Inermis, Wall, in Poxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey ^ Wall. i. 367, as to 

 var. j3 ; lower leaves pinnatifid vrith distant segments shortly hairy on both sur- 

 faces, upper leaves 3-nd or a few uppermost simple, heads subglobose, bracteoles 

 obovate-oblong with a linear biistly mucro, flowers white or yellowish. Coult. 

 Dips. 23 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 646 ; Wall. Cat. 427, mainly. D. mitis, Don Prodr. 

 161. D. Eoylei, Klotzscli in Peis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 83, t. 84. Cephalaria 

 cachemirica. Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 86, t. 94. 



Tempbeate HiMAtAYA, alt. 6-12,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan. 



Stem 1-6 ft., bristly-hirsute, prickly or unarmed upwards, more hirsute under the 

 flower-heads. Flower-heads solitary or several ; bracts linear, acute or ovate ohtuse, 

 rigid or herbaceous, deflexed or adpressed, hairy or coarsely bristly. Involueel closely 

 adnate to the pericarp, tipped by 4 minute points on the neck of the !!chene. Calyx- 

 limb suhquadrangular, glistening, white, hairy, deciduous. — Perhaps only a form of 

 D. pilosus, Linn., which differs by the long hairs on the leaves, and by the flowers 

 white to faint blue ; there is no difference in the degree of freedom of the involueel, as 

 Coulter (with scanty material) supposed. , 



Vab. longicaulis, Wall. Cat. 6856 (sp.) ; leaves on the nerves beneath and angles 

 of the stem minutely prickly, otherwise glabrous or nearly so. D. etrictus, Var. Kure 

 inJormm. As. Soo. 1877, pt. ii. 162. — ^Ava, Wallich; Martaban, alt. 2500 ft., Brandis. 



2. I>. strlctus, Don Prodr. 160 ; many of the middle and upper cauline 

 leaves undivided lanceolate sparingly hairy, heads subglobose, bracteoles obovate- 

 oblong with a lanceolate bristly mucro, corolla cream-coloured. DC, Prodr. iv. 



