Lxxviii. COMPOSITE, (J. D. Hooker.) 225 



Achenes incurved. Herbs -with alternate leaves 82. Calendula. 



Tribe IX. Cynaroideee. Flowers all tubular. Invol. bracts many- 

 seriate, imbricate ; tips scarious, spinous or foliaceous. Meceptacle densely bristly 

 or paleaceous, rarely simply pitted. Corolla-limb slender, deeply 5-fid. Anthei-- 

 cells tailed. Styles subentire, or arms short hairy or thickened towards the 

 base. Achmes often hard ; pappus various, rarely 0. — Leaves alternate, often 

 spinous. 



Suitribe 1. EcHnf0P8lDE.a!. ITeads 1-flowered, crowded into involucrate 

 globose balls. 



83. EcHiNOPS. 



Subtnbe 2. CAKDniNB.a;. Seads oo-flowered, separate. Aehenes glabrous, 

 basal areole horizontal. Pappus hairs distinct or connate. 



* Filaments free, glabrous. Pappus hairs free, caducous. Leaves ar?ned. 

 Invol. braets with hooked bristles. Leaves unarmed . , .84. Aectium. 

 Invol. bracts spinescent. Leaves spinescent 85. Cousinia. 



•* Filaments papillose-hairy. Pappus hairs connate into a deciduous ring. 



Pappus hairs simple, not feathery. . 86. Caedttus. 



Pappus hairs feathery 87. Cnicus. 



*'* Filaments glabrous, connate. 

 Invol. bracts spinous. Receptacle bristly. Pappus simple . . 88.. Siltbcm. 



**** FUamemts free, glabrous (hairy in Qoniocaulon). Leaves unarmed. 

 Pappus hairs 1-seriate, feathery, with a few outer simple . . 89. Saussueea. 

 Pappus hairs oo-seriate, subpaleaceous. Filaments hairy . . 90. Goniocahlon. 

 Pappus hairs oo-seriate, rigid, rough or feathery 91. Jxtbinea. 



Siibtribe 3. Ceniauee.s]. Seads separate, oc-flowered. Aehenes glabrous ; 

 basal areole oblique or lateral. 



* Involucre not bracteate at the base, or rardy so. 



Filaments glabrous.. Anther-tails short or 92. Sebbatdla. 



Filaments papillose. Anther-tails lacerate. Aehenes smooth 93. Tbicholhpis. 



Aehenes terete, 10-15-ribhed . , 94. Volatueella. 



Aehenes compressed or 4-angled, 4-5-ribbed $o. Centaubea. 



** Involua'e bracteate at the base by spinous leaves. 

 Aehenes compressed or angled. Pappus paleaceous or . . 96. Caethamus. 



Tkibb X. Kutisiaceae. Heads hetero- or homogamous, rayed or not. 

 Invol. bi-acts oo-seriate, unarmed. JJecfptec/e rarely paleaceous. Co?'o/fo 2-lipped, 

 ligulate, or deeply 5-fid. Anther-cells usually tailed. Style-arms rounded or 



truncate, not appendaged. Pappus various Leaves rarely opposite. (See also 



Nanothamnus, Tridax and some Senecios.) 



Subtribe 1. GocHNAHEiB. Corollas aU tubular ; segments narrow, equal or 

 obscurely 2-lipped. 

 Pappus hairs simple. A shrub with alternate entire leaves . 97. Leucomeeis. 



Pappus hairs feathery. Kigid shrubs 98. Dicoma. 



Pappus scales 10, ending in bristles. Bigid shrubs. Heads 



solitary 99. HochstetteeiA. 



Pappus hairs feathery. Erect herbs, heads subracemose . 100. Ainslijea. 



Subtribe 2. GEKBEREa;. Heads rayed. Corolla 2-lipped or ligulate. 

 Heads few-flowered ; fl. all ligulate. An undershrub . . 101. Catamixis. 

 Heads many-flowered ; ray-fl. 2-lipped. Scapigerous herbs 102. Geebeea. 



Tribe XI. Cioliorlaceae. Heads homogamous. Corollas all ligulate ; 

 ligule truncate, tip 5-toothed. Anther-bases sigittate, rarely tailed. Style-arms 

 slender. -^Herbs, juice usually milky. Leaves radical or alternate, never oppo- 

 fiite. (See also 101. Catamixis.) 



YOL. ni. Q 



