231 Lxxviii. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Vernonia. 



pubescent, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate obtuse or acute obscurely or deeply 

 obtusely or acutely toothed, heads about 20-flowered in loose corymbs, invol. 

 bracts linear-lanceolate tips awned glabrous, pappus white or dirty white outer 

 hairs short. DC. in Wight Contrih. 6; Prndr. v. 24; Wall. Cat. 3008. V. cony- 

 zoides, DC. in Wight Contrih. 6 ; Prodr. v. 25 ; Dah. Sr Gibs. Bmrih. Fl. 121. 

 v. rhomboidea and montana, Edgev). in Trans. lAnn. Soo. xx. 62. V. albicans, 

 DC. in Wight Contrib. 6, in part ; Wight Ic. 1. 1076 (achenes wrongly figured as 

 6-ribbed). V. abbreviata and leptophylla, DC. I. e. 25. V. laxiflora, Less, in 

 Linneea, vi. 646 ; DC.l. c. 25. V. physalifolia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6 ; Prodr. 

 I. c. 24. V. parviflora, linifolia, and fasciculata, Seinw. in Bl. Bijd. 893. V. 

 Zollingeriana, Sehultz-Bip. in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 16. V. cyanonioides, Walp. 

 in Linneea, xv. 609. Oonyza abbreviata, Wall. Cat. 3048 ; bellidifolia, 3047 ; 

 cinerascens, 3062 ; incana, 3046 ; linifolia, 3063 ; elegantula, 3049 ; ovata, 3097 ; 

 and subsimplex, 3003. C. cinerea, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 3008. 0. mollis, Willd. 

 (Jid. Lessing'). 0. prolifera and heterophylla, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 84. Serratula 

 cinerea, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 60. Caoalia rotundifolia, WiUd.'Phyt. ii. t. 6, f. 1. 

 Chrysocoma purpurea, Forst. Prodr. 64. 0. violaoea, Schum. PI. &uin. 384. 

 Cyanopis decurrens, Zoll. in Geneesk. Archiv. ii. 563; and Chlaotrachelus 

 rupestris, Zoll. I. c. Jid. Miguel. Synanthera, Wall. Cat. 7137. — Rheede Hort, 

 Mai. X. t. 64. 



Throughout India, aecending to 8000 ft. in the Himalaya, Khasia and Peninsular 

 Mts. — DiSTRiB. Trop. Asia, Africa, and Australia. 



One of the commonest Indian weeds, erect, rarely decumbent, 6-18 in. high ; stem 

 slender, grooved and ribbed. Leaves rarely 3 in. long or IJ in. broad, membranous or 

 rather coriaceous ; petiole very variable. Heads about J in. diam., in rounded or open 

 and flat-topped corymbs ; branches usually divaricate; peduncles slender, with small 

 bracts at the axils ; invol. scales about ^1 in. ; corolla with pubescent lobes. Achenes 

 5^5 in. ; pappus J in., outer hairs very short indeed. — It is impossible to define the 

 forms of habit and foliage of this very, variable plant, which is on the whole remark- 

 ably uniform in its flowers ; of these the most marked are V. physalifolia, which is 

 stout, very tomentose, with broad leaves ; and V. conyzoides, with short or no outer 

 pappus, and ovate-lanceolate or ovate sharply toothed leaves narrowed into long 

 petioles. To these may be added var. montana, Clarke (Comp. Ind. 21 ), from 4-6000 

 ft. on the Khasia Mts., and from the N. W. Himalaya, with villous fulvous leaves and 

 stems and yellowish pappns, and which is Edgeworth's V. rhomboidea ; and the var. 

 hidens, Clarke 1. c, with dimorphic achenes, of which the inner are normal, the outer 

 almost beaked and seedless ; it is a native of Assam, the Malay Peninsula, and China. 

 To the many synonyms cited, Bentham (Fl. Austral, iii. 469) adds V. erigeroides, DC. 

 Prodr. V. 25, and suggests that nearly all the species of DCs section Tephrodes may 

 follow. 



■ft Pei-ennial, rarely annual ; achenes ribbed. 



19. V. diver^ens, Benth. in Gen. PI. ii. 229 ; stout, erect, pubescent 

 toment'ise or scabrid, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate serrate, heads 

 small 8-12-flowered in usually dense much -branched panicled rounded corymbs, 

 invol. bracts few oblong obtuse outermost ovate, achenes glabrous lO-ribbed, 

 pappus pale reddish-brown or dirty white. Clarke Comp. Ind. 14. V. aspera, 

 Samilt. in Trans. lAnn. Soc. xiv. 219, in part ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, 

 ii. 201. V. nilgheryensia, DC. Prodr. v. 32; Wt. Ic. t. 1078, V. multiflora, 

 DC.l.c.2il. y.^etzi&n&jSchulta-Bip.in Herb. Hohenach.n.m'i. V. aspera. 

 Less, in Zinnia, 18S1,&4S? Deeaneuron divergens, J)C. ?. t. 68; Wight Con- 

 trib. 8 ; Ic. t. 1084. Oonyza divergens, multiBora, and lanoeola'a, Wall. Cat. 

 3027, A.., 3032 a., 3059. Eupatorium versicolor and polyantbemum, Wall. Cat, 

 3167, 3171. E; divergens, Bo.rb. Sort. Bertg. 61 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 416. Gymnan- 

 themum Metzianum, Schultz-Bip.'l. c. n. 642, Lysjstemma divergens and 

 multiflorum, Steetz in Petert Mosamb. Bot, 341, 



