358 Lxxviii. ooMPOSiTiE. (J. D. Hooker.) [GalendMla.. 



Stem 12-18 in., corymbosely branched above. Leaves 1-3 in., acute, often hispii 

 on botli surfaces. Heads terminal, 2 in. diam. and under; invol. bracts J in., incurved 

 and appressed to the ripe aehenes ; ligules many, bright orange yellow, 3-toothed, tube 

 hairy. Aehenes longer than the involucre. 



2. C. arvensis, Idnn.; JBoiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 418; annual, pubescent, 

 radical leaves subspathulate entire, cauline lanceolate cordate-amplexicaul sub- 

 entire or toothed, aehenes all curved marginal dorsally echinate beaked, inner 

 dorsaUy muricate. BC. Prodr. vi. 452 ; Sibth. Fl. Greec. t. 920. 



Kashmir, StoliczTca. — ^Disteib. S. Europe, W. Asia. 



Habit of C. officinalis, but differing in the sulphur-coloured ligules and beaked 

 aehenes. — A doubtful native of India. 



Tribe IX, CVNAXt,OXDE2E. 

 83. SCKXNOFS, Idnn. 



Thistle-like herbs, v^itli white tomentum. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid,. 

 spinous. Heads in globose involucrate balls, blue or white, sessUe or shortly 

 stipitate on a common receptacle, 1-fld. ; fl. § , all fertile, tube slender, limb with> 

 5 slender segments. Involucre oblong ; bracts oo -seriate, rigid, pungent or some 

 spinescent, outer sborter, inner spathulate, innermost linear or lanceolate, some- 

 times all connate into a tube with one long rigid spine on the outer side ; recep- 

 tacle minute. Filaments glabrous ; anther-bases sagittate, auricles connate, tails 

 short entire or fimbriate. Style-arms thick, and with a thick basal ring, at 

 length spreading. Aehenes elongate, usually villous ; pappus crown of many 

 short free or connate bristles. — Distkib. Species about 70, S. Europe, tropical 

 and N. Africa, and Asia to Japan. 



1. E. echinatus, DC. in Wight Contrib. 24; Prodr. vi. 526; stem 

 branched from the base, branches wide-spreading and leaves beneath white with 

 cottony wool, leaves sessile oblong pinnatifid, lobes triangular or oblong sinuate 

 and spinescent, involucre sttrrounded by strong white bristles glabrous scaberu- 

 lous villous or cobwebby above, balls 1-1 J in. diam. with many stout spines, 

 outer invol. bracts 6-8 oblanceolate glabrous pungent one often spinescent, inner 

 ^ in, long connate tips ciliate, aehenes J in. long. Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 647 ; Wall. 

 Cat. 2985 ; Dah. Sf_ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 131 ; Clarhe Comp. Ind. 211. ? E. Grif- 

 fithianus, Boiss. Diagn. S, ii. 39 ; Fl. Orient, iii. 434. 



TJppEE G-ANGETic Plain, Noeth Westeen HIMALAYA, and the Punjab, from Benares- 

 westward, ascending to 5000 ft. in Sirmore. Behab, Scind, and the Deccan. — Dis- 

 TEiB. Affghanistan. 



A much branched spreading rigid annual, 1—2 ft. high, branched from the base. 

 Leaves 3-5 in. long ; spines often l| in. Balls of heads white. Involucre g in. long, 

 inner hardening around the obconic silkily villous achene. 



2. E. cornig'erus,. DC Prodr. vi. 525; stem erect simple, branches stout 

 and leaves beneath densely cottony, leaves ovate-oblong or oblong pinnatifid or 

 pinnate cobwebby above, segments deeply lobulate, lobules spinescent, balls 2^3- 

 in. diam. with or vyithout projecting spines, outer invol. bracts narrowly oblan- 

 ceolate glabrous sm-rounded by bristles 1 in. long, inner connate when ripe f in. 

 long, aehenes villous narrowly obconic j io. long. Clarke Comp. Ind. 211. E.. 

 coriarius, Clarhe I. c. 212. 



Westeen Him:aiaya; from Kashmir to Garwhal, alt. 6-9000 ft., Boyle, &c. 

 Westeen Tibet, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Falconer, Thomson. 



Stem very leafy. Leaves 4-8 in. Balls stoutly pedunoled, often without spines. — 



