378 Lxxviii. composite:. (J. D. Hooker.) [^Jurinea. 



root, branched or simple below, corymbose above. Leaves 2-4 in., sessile, J-aniplexi- 

 caul, linear-obovate or subspathnlate, toothed, base narrowed. Heads ^-| in., narrow, 

 pedicelled, fascicled in compound corymbs, erect, pale ; corollas about 5, rose-purple. — 

 Koxburgh observes that it is not uncommon to see fields of this, as thick as if the 

 plants were sown by a careful farmer. 



91. JURXNEA, 



Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire toothed or pianatifid, rarely 

 armed, more or less tomentose. Heads homogamous ; flowers all g , similar, 

 piu-ple ; tube slender, limb elongate 5-fid to the middle or lower. Invol. bi-acis 

 00 -seriate, imhricate, innermost narrow erect, outer shorter ; receptacle flat, 

 densely bristly. Filaments free, glabrous; anther-bases sagittate, auricles 

 usually connate, tails elongate. Style-arms short. AcJtenes glabrous, 4-6-angled, 

 rarely compressed, smooth or 1-3-ribbed between the angles, basal areole nearly 

 straight; pappus hairs oo -seriate, very unequal, rigid, simple barbellate or 

 feathery, persistent or deciduous.— Distetb. About 40 species, Europe, and W. 

 and Central Asia. 



1. J. ceratocarpa, Benth. in Gen. Plant, ii. 474; scaberulous, stemless 

 or stem erect much branched, leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate entire or pinna- 

 tifid green on both surfaces or white-tomentose beneath, heads sessile or termi- 

 nating the branches 1-1^ in. diam. bracteate by linear leaves, invol. bracts 

 lanceolate acuminate, recent, bristles longer than the achenes, anther-tails long 

 laciniate, achenes 4^5-angled, angles thickened ending in erect spines. Clarhe 

 Comp. Ind. 236. Saussurea ceratocarpa. Bene, in Jacquem. Voy. Bat. 93, 1. 101. 

 ? S. stemmaphora, Klatt in 8itzungsh. Miinch. Alcad. 1878, 93. 



Kashmir, alt. 9-16,000 ft.. Falconer, &c. 



Stem 0-2 ft., or plant branched from the base in the larger forms, branches very 

 stout leafy. Leaves 2-5 in., radical and lower oauline usually runcinate, petioled ; 

 upper sessile, base auricled. Heads stoutly pedicelled ; outer invol. bracts linear, 

 green; inner very slender, erect or recurved; corolla^ in. Aehenes\'ya., rough, brown; 

 outer pappus bristles few scabrid, inner very slender, ^ in., white. 



Vae. depressa, Clarke mss. ; stemless or nearly so. Saussurea acanthoearpa, 

 Schults-Bip. mss. — ^Western Tibet and Kashmir, alt. 13-15,000 ft, abundant ; Gar- 

 whal, at Gothing, alt. 13,500 ft., Strach. ^ Winterh. 



2. J. macroceplialai Benth. in Gen. PI. ii. 474 ; stemless, leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate pinnate or pinnatifid lobes broad lobulate or pinnatifid denticulate 

 cobwebby or cottony above thickly white-tomentose beneath, heads many §-1 

 in. diam. sessile or shortly peduncled, outer invol. bracts ovate-lanceolate inner 

 elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate, recept. bristles united into laciniate cups, 

 anther-tails lacerate, achenes large cuneate-obovate angled tubercled. Clarke 

 Comp. Ind. 237. Dolomsea macrocephala, DC. in Guill. Arch. Bot. ii. 330; 

 Ih-odr. vi. 542; Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 70; Boyle III. 251, t. 67. Serratula 

 macrocephala, TFall. Cat. 2904. 



Westebn Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 11-14,000 ft. 



Boot woody, perennial. Leaves spreading, 6-18 by Ij-T in., long- or short-petiolecl, 

 lobes or segments contiguous broad sometimes crisped, teeth acute or mucronate. 

 Heads 3-30 ; peduncles stout, tomentose often cottony at the base ; invol. bracts J-I i 

 in., scabrid or smooth, erect, scarious ; recept. bristles very rigid, much shorter, th.in 

 the achenes ; corolla l-lj in. Achenes ^-J in., curved, compressed, unequally 4-5- 

 angled, truncate, ashy grey; pappus copious, 1 in., brown, hairs cohering at the base. 

 " The roots, called Dhup, are collected and used by Hindoos as incense." Aitchison. 



3. J. modesta, Boiss, Fl, Orient, iii. 584 ; annual, cobwebby, stem 

 branched from the base, branches short ascending ending in very long leafless 



