414 Lxxviii. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) ISonchus. 



ring. — DiSTElB. Species about 24, N. temp, regions and Central Asia, a few 

 spread over the world with cultivation. 



1. S. asper, Vill.; Boiss. Fl. Onejii. iii. 796 ; annual, glabrous or sparsely 

 glandular above, subumbellatefy branched, leaves lanceolate ^-amplexicaul with 

 -rounded auricles entire or pinnatifidly toothed, heads crowded, achenes com- 

 pressed, faces 3-ribbed obscurely muricate between the ribs. Reichh. Ic. Fl. 



Germ. t. 1410 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 275. S. ferox. Wall. Cat. 3248. S. oleraceus, 



WaU. Cat. Z'25'2i F. 



Throughout India; in fields and cultivated places, ascending to 12,000 ft. in the 

 Himalaya. — Disteib. All temperate and many tropical countries, wild or introduced. 



By many considered a subspecies of S. oleraceus. Clarke remarks that in India 

 this flowers from December to April, and S. oleraceus from April to May. 



3. Si oleraceus, Idnn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 795; annual, glabrous or 

 sparsely glandular-hispid, subumbellately branched above, leaves lanceolate 

 ^-amplexicaul with acute auricles entire or pinnatifid, heads crowded, achenes 

 compressed, faces 3-ribbed and muricate between the ribs. Reichh. Ic. Fl. Germ. 

 t. 1410, f. 1 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 275. S. cUiatus, Lamk. ; Wight Ic. t. 1141. 

 S. Eoyleanus, Wall. Cat. 3252 ; DC. Prodr. vii. 184. 



Throughout India ; in fields and cultivated places, ascending to 8000 ft. in the 

 Himalaya. — Disteie. of S. asper. 



3. S< arvensis, lAnn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 798; rootstock creeping, 

 stem glabrous tall umbeUately. branched above, leaves runcinate-pinnatifid 

 spiuous-toothed cauline J-amplexicaul with appressed rounded auricles upper- 

 most linear, heads and peduncles glandular-Mspid, achenes narrow subcom- 

 pressed vrith thick regular ribs on each face. Reichh. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1412 ; 

 Clarke Comp. Ind. 276. S. Wightianus, BC. Prodr. vii. 187; Wight Ic. t. 

 1142. S. orixensia, Roxh. Fl. Ind.. iii. 402. S. WaUichiana, DC. I. c. 185. S. 

 longifolius. Wall. Cat. 3251. 



Throughout India ; wild and in cultivated places, scarce in the plains, common in 

 the Khasiaaud Himalaya, ascending to 8000 ft. — Disteiu. of S. asper, 



4. S- maritimus, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 797; perennial, glabrous, 

 glaucous, rootstock creeping, stem sparingly branched above, leaves linear- 

 oblong quite entire or sparingly sinuate-toothed, cauline J-amplexicaul with 

 acute auricles, heads few peduncled glabrous, achenes ellipsoid subcompressed 

 margins thickened faces with a thick middle rib and 2 more slender lateral ones. 

 Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1413 ? S. arvensis, ^, Clarke Comp. Ind. 276. 



The Punjab ; Peshawur, Stewart. — Disteie. Westwards to the Atlantic. 



118. IiAUlTHIA, Cass. 



(MiCEOKHTB-CHTJS, LeSS.) 



Perennial glabrous herbs, with yellow (always?) juice. Leaves chiefly 

 radical, sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, margins often spinulose-toothed. Heads 

 peduncled or lateral and sessile on the branches, racemose or paniculate, or 

 solitary or fascicled, yellow, homogamous ; fl. all ligulate. Involucre campanu- 

 late or cyliudric ; bracts oo -seriate, herbaceous, margins often membranous, inner 

 subequal, outer various, keel often thickened in fruit ; receptacle flat, naked. 

 Anther-bases sagittate, auricles setaceous. Style-arnu slender. Achenes narrow, 

 subterete angled or slightly flattened, rarely winged, truncate at both ends or 

 rarely emargmate ; ribs 4-6 very stout, close-set, smooth papillose or narrowly 

 winged or 2-grooved, truncate at each end ; pappus copious, hairs oo -seiiate 



