40 



Cyrtidula. By most authors it is placed with the Verrucariese. 

 (Paraphyses deficient.) 



Tribe IV. CALICIACEI. Apoth. turbinate-lentiform (crateri- 

 f orm) , or globose ; a proper exciple, either naked and of tener stipi- 

 tate, or bordered by an accessory thalline one, margining or sup- 

 porting a hymenium the disk of which consists of naked spores. 



Fam. 1. Sphjekophorei. Thallus vertical, fruticulose. 



Genus 60. Siphdla Fr. Apoth. unknown. Th. erect, sparingly 

 branched or almost simple, passing below into root-like branchlets, 

 by which it is attached to the substrate, densely cottony within. A 

 small genus of Arctic lichens. 



Genus 61. SpHiEROPHOETJS Pers. Apoth. globose; the proper 

 exciple reduced to a hypothecium included in a thalline receptacle 

 formed by the swollen tips of the branches. Spores spherical, sim- 

 ple, violet-black. Thallus fruticulose, erect, densely cottony within. 

 A small genus of Alpine and Arctic regions. 



Genus 62. Acroscyphds Lev., Mont. Apoth. crateriform; a 

 black proper exciple included in a clavate thalline receptacle formed 

 by the swollen tips of the branches. Spores 2-loc., brown. Th. 

 fruticulose, erect, solid, the medullary layer at length more or less 

 compacted into cartilagineous cords. A small tropical genus. 



Fam. 2. Caliciei. Thallus crustaceous, lobulate, or mostly 

 uniform. 



Genus 63. Acolium (F6e) DN. Apoth. crateriform, or now 

 urn-shaped, sessile ; a black proper exciple, which is either naked, 

 or margined by an accessory thalline one. Spores spherical and 

 simple, or 2-rarely 4 loc, or even muriform, brown. Th. crusta- 

 ceous, rarely lobulate, mostly uniform. A genus of numerous, 

 mostly tropical spp., of which one or two from the Western coast 

 are undescribed. 



Genus 64. Calicium Pers., Ach., Fr. Apoth. crateriform, 

 stipitate ; a naked, black, proper exciple. Spores simple or 2- 

 rarely 4 loc, brown. Th. crustaceous or almost obsolete, or in 

 parasitic spp., none. A numerous genus, mostly of temperate re- 

 gions. The spp. with simple spores constitute the § Cyphelium, in 

 which the spores are lighter colored than in the other §§ ; those 

 with 2 loc. spores § Calicium, and the parasitic spp. § Sphinctrina. 



Genus 65. Conioctbe Ach. Apoth. globose, stipitate, the mar- 

 gin of the colored proper exciple obscure. Spores spherical, glo- 



